Buddhist free essay sample

For my field research report my accomplices and I visited the biggest Chinese Buddhist sanctuary in Mississauga called Fo Guanh Shan Temple of Toronto on February eleventh during their celebration of the Chinese New Year. Initially this is my first time visiting a Buddhist sanctuary in Canada, yet the absolute first Buddhist sanctuary I visited was at six years old with my family out traveling to Thailand. During my visit in Toronto, I was truly overpowered with all the various ancient rarities and design laid all through the sanctuary, the standards and direction was absurdly intriguing. As we entered, the people working had perceived that we weren’t individuals from the Buddhist people group yet at the same time showed certified neighborliness and guided us around the sanctuary. The way of life I saw in this strict structure truly got my advantage, particularly the special antiquities and engineering wherein I inspected utilizing Raymond Williams and Malory Nye’s hypothesis on first class and mainstream society and reasoning that the individuals that cooperated with this sanctuary were looking for and portraying reaching the pinnacles of human articulation. We will compose a custom paper test on Buddhist or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Just as the manner in which the sanctuary had publicized their way of life and religion, where, I broke down through Stuart Hall’s hypothesis on mainstream society and reasoning that business sees in this network were unquestionably present. At the point when we initially forward to the passageway I pointed the remarkable craftsmanship along the white passageway railings. The railings had some sort carvings that seemed to look like winged serpents, and as we drew closer to the lobby everything I could see were dynamic hues. The woman at the countered illuminated me and clarified that engineering on the structure of such creatures is a piece of the Chinese culture where creatures represent attributes, for instance mythical serpents represents success and favorable luck. I started to get inquisitive and on edge to observe many intriguing things around this strict structure and the woman guided us to our first goal, which was the core of the sanctuary, the supplication corridor. As we moved toward the entryways, a person that chipped in at the sanctuary had informed us that because of regard to the Buddha everybody must take their shoes off before entering and that positively no photos are permitted. When I entered the absolute first that that caught my eyes was the fine art done along the dividers of the petition lobby. At the front were three energetic models of Buddha for which the individuals implore towards. I looked into the design and one of the volunteer that was tolerating contributions given from people had taught me about the fine art along the dividers. Truth be told, the fine art according to the Buddhist people group is increasingly similar to a family picture. At the end of the day, along the dividers there was a specific photograph and beneath the photograph there was a name written in Chinese, these were all progenitors of the Buddhist religion. What truly astounded me is the means by which they had introduced their progenitors in such a wonderful and good way. The following stop was at the Buddha’s Cultural Figure 2: Picture Taken by Zain Malik Buddhas Cultural Museum Figure [ 2 ]: Picture Taken by Zain Malik Buddhas Cultural Museum where a wide range of relics, models, and different bits of craftsmanship identified with Buddhist culture were available. As I strolled along the historical center each bit of workmanship had been given a sign card that had data on it. The key data was the material used to make such workmanship, the material that was normally utilized were: cooper, wood, bronze, artistic, and dirt. What leaves a question mark is that do these materials assume a representative job in the way of life that was available in certain Buddhist periods. I ran over a model of an immense elephant, which had been expressed that it represents force, responsibility and activity. A woman working at this area of the sanctuary had educated me that in the Chinese Buddhist culture one presents this craftsmanship piece in circumstances of triumph (war, sports, marriage, and so forth ). Additionally, the woman had cleaned my insight and clarified that each bit of workmanship could Figure 3: Picture Taken by Zain Malik Sculpture1 Figure 3: Picture Taken by Zain Malik Sculpture1 ave various Figure 3: Picture Taken by Zain Malik Sculpture2 Figure 3: Picture Taken by Zain Malik Sculpture2 implications, as in the feeling of the sanctuary it was put to exalt the strict spot. The nearness of various models and antiques is method of the Buddhist culture to communicate human articulations. The craftsmanshi p itself communicates the inventiveness on the individual or people making it, at the end of the day the visual portrayal of their way of life. As one of the individuals from the sanctuary had disclosed to me that the procedures utilized in their design has been a piece of their way of life for a long time and has been passed somewhere near their precursors. Likewise, through design, one can communicate the culture’s condition, the relationship of individuals or elements of human connection, customs, natural surroundings, and just as the connections between every one of these angles. Looking at this bit of Buddhist culture at the sanctuary alluding back to Williams and Nye’s hypothesis on first class and mainstream society was exceptionally interesting. The emphasis on this exposition is with respect to section 2 in Malory Nye’s text, Religion: The Basics. In this part Nye makes accentuation on culture in connection to religion (Nye 2008, 23). He had expressed that culture is something that is done and is people main thing (Nye 2008, 23). Williams had deciphered culture in the faculties of drawing in it and having it. In further difference, one of his principle contentions was that culture is a perfect or first class (Nye 2008, 24). At the end of the day, world class culture spins around high caliber and imaginative worth items. These items are could be a case of the Holy Bible that the Christians think about a profound book or, as Nye would state a bit of high culture (Nye 2008, 25). Be that as it may, Williams made a superb and charming point that culture is past the perfect and tip top stage, in certainty it has moved toward the narrative level (Nye 2008, 25). In this level culture is seen through structures, for example, film, TV, sport, science, geology, and even engineering. As I watched for the duration of the day at the sanctuary, I appeared to accumulate an idea that engineering is the famous type of culture utilized in this Buddhist people group. There techniques and ways might be unique yet as Williams expressed, its not about which craftsman is better, its about which craftsman delivered social work (Nye 2008, 28). It is plain as day that these individuals have communicated social work in an eminent house. At the sanctuary, the Buddhist individuals impact and authorize a great deal of order. The old to the young people of the Buddhist people group shows such perspectives. As I entered the book shop held within the sanctuary a woman had disclosed to me the diverse materialistic things that old prize children for momentous strict endeavors, for instance arm bands, garments, and so on. Additionally, I was accompanied to go to the library where an assortment of strict material was held, there an individual had helped me and disclosed to me that the acclaimed strict Buddhist content is known as the Sutra. What makes this content not the same as different strict content like the Bible is that Sutra is definitely not a solitary book. The Sutra is a huge assortment of books and lessons that were deciphered by Buddha. These materials have been copied and are for buy in the book shop, just as different strict things like strict dots for supplications. Numerous things were available to be purchased in the book shop, for example, music which played stories in melodic type of the Buddhist religion, trimmings, history books on the religion, globules, pieces of jewelry, wristbands, and substantially more. This prompts my examination utilizing Stuart Halls hypothesis on culture, the matter of culture. Stuart Hall had underscored his enthusiasm on the most proficient method to decipher mainstream society, and the point that I am going to concentrate on is mass intrigue and the matter of culture (Nye 2008, 29). The standard focuses to note is that for one to be mainstream it must be on some scale have mass intrigue. The issue to this hypothesis is that so as to acquire mass intrigue customer corporate greed is amazingly pivotal (Nye 2008, 30). This is the reason religions promote their items, for example, books, strict things, history, and so forth. (Nye 2008, 30). Accordingly, deciphering Halls hypothesis into the conditions at the sanctuary, it appears that the book shop is path for individuals to advance their way of life and increment mass intrigue since nothing was recorded as free. During this examination task, there was a great deal of trouble speaking with the individuals in the sanctuary, as their first language was Mandarin. In circumstances for instance where I couldn’t comprehend a solitary word that they were stating. I had an inclination that on the off chance that I knew the language they talked or had an accomplice who communicated in their language I could have assembled substantially more important snippets of data to make my exposition significantly more grounded than what it is. In general my involvement with the Chinese Buddhist sanctuary was amazing with certain special cases. The individuals were unassuming and well disposed to help us all through this experience I am grateful for. The information I consumed opened my eyes about Buddhism and religion itself with the assistance of Malory Nye’s text, Religion: The Basics wherein Williams and Hall’s speculations encouraged my examination in the social parts of religion. Book index Nye, Malory. 2008. Religion: The Basics, second release. London and New York: Routledge. Article Grading Rubric

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Adolescent Delinquency                                    Jeremy C. Newell Dynamic Learning Activity                           Video in Class = 20 pts. Wednesday, March 6, 2002 The video facilitated by Bill Moyer that we watched in class on March fourth included viciousness in the broad communications and the impacts that it might have on kids in current society. Computer games at times show realistic savagery just as brutal verbal messages that frequently pass on a message of enticement to kids. Motion pictures regularly consolidate cleverness, brutality, or potentially sex so as to be additionally engaging the crowd. Generally at least two of these components are utilized. Regardless of whether it is through these sources or as something as basic as the nightly news, brutality is wherever in the media today and presentations messages of endorsement that American culture may not understand. Social learning hypothesis discloses to us that through relationship with or presentation to other people, misconduct is found out similarly as congruity is found out. A significant number of the films and TV programs that are seen today contain a decent measure of viciousness in them, regardless of whether it is an animation or a R-evaluated film. In either circumstance, kids mimic what they see on the TV or in the Movie Theater. Similarly as kids become familiar with the distinction among good and bad through disciplines and rewards, kids additionally gain proficiency with a fundamental subject of good and malevolence. In this subject, certain demonstrations of brutality are adequate on the off chance that they are for the â€Å"good guys.† The group in the performance center watching a film may acclaim or yell messages of endorsement when the â€Å"good guys† explode the "bad guys". As an outcome, youngsters leave the Movie Theater pointing their fi ngers like weapons and shooting their companions, guardians, and additionally kin. They discover that the conduct is worthy and they impersonate it. In addition to the fact that this is negative to their affectability to viciousness, it additionally instructs them that there are special cases to the standards of society and that congruity isn't generally the most straightforward approach to tackle an issue. Living in American culture, the most straightforward and quickest approach to take care of an issue doesn’t consistently imply that the arrangement is ethically right or that everybody will affirm of the techniques one takes to achieve it. I might likewise want to address the degrees of request that Moyer calls attention to in the film. Inside every sort of scene, vicious acts are regularly joined by sex or cleverness. Not exclusively would this be able to be accustomed to carry a more elevated level of acknowledgment to the watcher, however it additionally brings a degree of satisfaction or bid to the scene.

Write a Strong Argumentative Research Paper - Two Easy Steps to Build Your Writing Point

Write a Strong Argumentative Research Paper - Two Easy Steps to Build Your Writing PointFor those of you who enjoy writing and would like to take your argumentative research paper to the next level, there are a number of steps you can take to enhance it. While the title sounds straightforward, it really is quite complex and should not be taken lightly.Arguments for, against, or analysis of any kind requires that a number of things are arranged, or else the argument is as good as lost. There are a number of other techniques for improving your argumentative research paper, but this article is about two of the most important ones that anyone interested in arguing in their career should know about. Together, they make up the key to providing a powerful argument to your readers.- Have good critical research skills. If you do not already, you need to start learning what methods to use when studying and compiling information. When you are looking at a particular article, do you find the wor ds 'does not support' in the author's notes? When looking at an essay, how many of the lines are really arguments?- Understand the difference between what you know and what you believe. If you believe something, but cannot prove it, then you have a problem. You cannot carry on an argument based on your 'feelings'.- A short paragraph must not be the only thing you can use to build your argument. As you read more, you will be able to expand on your points and make them more persuasive.The original article was focused on two key points: knowing your facts and being able to put them together. By changing the format of your argument, you can focus on these two important aspects of the research paper, making them stronger and helping you deliver a more persuasive piece.Using facts and factual information will help you to support your points. Adding details and supporting statements, however, will help you make your points more convincing.If you want to make your final analysis a more comp elling one, then you should make sure you include the resources to back it up. Provide the numbers and facts to bolster your case and make sure that you provide your sources for all of your claims. If you follow these simple steps, you will find that you are writing a more effective argumentative research paper and will be able to build up your arguments more effectively.

The Rwandan Genocide Violent And Very Cruel Essay

The Rwandan genocide was very violent and very cruel. Many people were killed and were raped. This war was not more than where you were born and what family you belong to. In 1918 Belgium took over Rwanda, but in 1933 the Belgians forced the Rwandans into two different categories. The Hutus and the Tutsis. Everything started just because it was easier to know where all the blacks were if they were in separate groups. The Tutsis were the minority; they were the upper class and were aristocratic. The Hutus on the other hand were peasants; they were the poorest of the poor. The Europeans brought the culture of a political ethnic dissidence to Rwanda. They took the original structure and made it very extreme, ethnic cards were given to be worn at all times. The Tutsis were privileged to everything, nice food, a good area to live in, good clothing. The Hutus on the other hand were made into a much oppressed group; they lived in slums and barely had enough food to live off of. Even thoug h the Hutus were the majority they were treated like second class, animals. In the early 1960s there was a revolution, the Hutus took over and majority would rule again. But the Tutsis were not happy. The state remained separated. Through the rest of the years going up to the early 1990 throughout that period, there was a power issue with the government used against Tutsi to maintain this Hutu power. There were thousands of Rwandan Tutsis living in exile, in one state or another, on the borderShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide1458 Words   |  6 Pages It is almost too easy to think of the Rwandan Genocide as something out of a fictional horror film, in that it almost doesn’t seem possible such atrocities could have actually occurred. Only at the cinema could murdering and dismembering the bodies of perfectly innocent citizens, many of them children, be imaginable. The story of the Rwandan Genocide is one of a great divide between the Hutu and Tutsi people. However, there was no real reason for this division to come to fruition. Th ey didn’t haveRead MoreEssay 1 Jus ad Bellum, Jus in Bello, and Jus Post Bellum are the three stages of Just War Theory.2700 Words   |  11 PagesJust War Theory plays a big role in the study of genocide, war crimes and international law. International Law is at the forefront of regulating the conduct of war. Just War is one of the theories that international law uses to dictate proper and just warfare. Therefore, if a participant of war violates a principle of Just War Theory, then that participant is subject to committing a war crime and can be tried by an international court. Genocide consists of acts committed with intent to destroyRead MoreThe Ethics And Morals Of Photographing The Suffering Of Others1856 Words   |  8 Pagesthe photojournalists themselves argue that the purpose of their photography is to spark attention, awareness, and change. The ethics of displaying photographs of suffering in the media or in exhibition lies in what these images are being used for. A very direct investigation into this idea is through the photography of Brazilian photographer Sebastià £o Salgado. Salgado, who considers himself a â€Å"social photographer,† has been highly acclaimed for his work- as well as criticized. He has created severalRead MoreArab s High Commissioner For Refugees1796 Words   |  8 Pageshave been occurring in Syria and the surrounding areas for decades, but I will be focusing on the past four years as tensions began to get worse every day. Politics and the government always seem to be the root of the problem when it comes to these violent and deadly protests and full on war. There are always two sides who don’t agree on anything, and probably will never find common ground. The two groups engaging in this civil war include supporters of President Bashar as-Assad, the president of SyriaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Hunger Games 2484 Words   |  10 Pagesraces, and nationalities throughout history. From slavery to the Holocaust to genocides around the world, dehumanization has been used to continue on ways of living and justify certain acts. Pieces of literature attesting to this treatment are great sources of proof that dehumanization has occurred throughout history. In The Hunger Games, the leaders from the Capitol showed dehumanization on a grand scale by assigning very little value to human life to the citizens of Panem. The people in power take

Positivity and Enthusiasm Towards Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 990 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Philosophy Essay Level High school Topics: Value of Life Essay Did you like this example? Our attitude towards life has an impacting influence towards people who surround us. Jobs has encouraged all of his audience to stay hungry, stay foolish, meaning to keep moving forward in life and not have negative mindset towards the difficulties that might come up. Not only does Jobs encourage people to value life, but so does Ebert, Ripley and Krakauer. The value of life has been a theme expressed by many authors like the ones mentioned. Their similar messages have helped many people stay strong and defeat terrible circumstances that theyve experienced. Death is a topic in which every human being experiences with a lot of pain. Throughout the years some families have been unfortunately part of tragedies that have caused the death of their loved ones. An example of this would be the article titled What is Life Worth? by Amanda Ripley, where it is explained how the families of the victims of Sept. 11 are being compensated by the government depending on their annual income. As expressed in the article,The concept of assigning a price tag to a life has always made people intensively squeamish (p.2). Putting a dollar value on the victims that were affected and killed by this incident does not bring any reparation to these families who have been emotionally hurt. Knowing that the person who just died will never be alive again brings the biggest amount of pain. This shows how human beings are inclined towards replacing a value with another. Another example would be that now due to these inclinations the value of a persons life has been det eriorating over time. Phill Browiee mentioned, Itrs just frustrating that the goodwill demonstrated by the government seems to be deteriorating (p.17). This shows how the sentimental part of these tragedies no longer exists in people. The value of ones life is no longer only a heartbreaking loss but an economical loss as well. In addition to these two examples a positive point of view to these compensations would be our attitude towards the acceptance of death and the amount of money provided. Some of the families that were affected by the Sept. 11th incident have came to a point of letting go. A man makes Charles Swindoll said, Attitude to me is more important than facts. It is more important than the past, than education, than money, than circumstances (p.30) , meaning that attitude overcomes anything in this world. By having in mind the value of the person when they were alive and thinking positively helps us stay content. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Positivity and Enthusiasm Towards Life" essay for you Create order In life there might be severe complications that might lead human beings to a series of negative thoughts that make us not value life. An article titled Roger Ebert: The Essential Man by Chris Jones, a story is told about a man who experienced a tough life changing situation. Ebert suffered from thyroid cancer and jaw cancer in just two years. Due to these health complications he no longer had a normal lifestyle, he could no longer eat or drink, and he had lost his voice entirely (p.12). Ebert was no longer able to do what every typical person was able to do. This outcome was due to all of the reparations attempted on his jaw, his carotid artery invisibly damaged by the earlier radiation and the most recent jaw surgery burst. Blood began pouring out of Eberts mouth (p.12). After this enormous incident Ebert was never the same. Although Eberts circumstances seem to be overwhelming he was never the person to gave up, his value towards life stood up high and strong. Not being able to s peak or eat was not a problem due to the alternatives that exist to make those think happen for him. Ebert kept his passion towards writing and movies to stay positive and to stick with what made him feel comfortable. By holding on to those memories that made him strong and he also was full of hope, The existence of an afterlife (p.15). The idea of something else after death brings motivation to Ebert which makes him value his life more. By staying positive and looking ahead or all of the problems that are present helps us value all of the big and small moments. Life has the power to make people vulnerable. At times we develop emotions with no exact meaning nor describable. In the book titled Into the Wild written by Jon Krakauer there is an epigraph that mentions, The greatest gains and values are farthest from being appreciated (pg.47). This quote expresses how unconsciously the value of our lifers is there just not well appreciated as they should be. By not cherishing every moment in our life, sadness is triggered and leads people to start second guessing if it is worth living life or not. Our attitude is a big influence in how great our life will turn out to be, If the day and the night are such that you greet them with joy, and life emits a fragrance like flowers and sweet-scented herbs that is your success (pg.47). Greeting life with joy and positivity might turn our lives around into something amazing and will make us love living. Attitude is what makes us value every moment in life, it gives us a purpose. Making yourself look forward to everything in life, is to bless yourself (pg.47) , meaning that instead of hurting ones mind and thoughts, the effort towards having a bright life is what gives it all a change. Staying positive and motivated to have a good life is key. Positivity and enthusiasm towards life is that keeps up standing day by day when times are rough. Establishing these encouragements from these authors into an every day life will teach every person how to value life itself. What is taught from this advice is that even though obstacles might intervene, looking at things in a good perspective will help everyone to brighten up their life.

Cyber Bullying And Its Effects On The Society - 1288 Words

People do not need to walk out their house to be brought down by the people’s of society, but rather now the people of society can kill them softly right there through their computer screen or cell phone. Cyber bullying is a form of bullying that has been taking place a lot more because of the improvement in technology and increased usage of social media. Something that has not really been established is punishment towards the perpetrator. Leading to many deaths of young innocent people, causing depression to the victims. Although social media is a great way of communicating there should be limitation on the user s and legal consequences on the perpetrators. Cyberbullying is the use of cell phones, instant messaging, e-mail, chat rooms or social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter to harass, threaten or intimidate someone. People say and do things that they would not necessarily say to the person face to face and sometimes say more than they should without a thought in mind if they were in that person’s shoes how would they feel. It is a sad case that social media something made for the amusement and communication between people is now Social media is the collective of online communications channels dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration. Cyberbullying is becoming increasingly easy due to the increase of technology, the easy access to the technology and the vast number of people involved in these technologies for socialShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1536 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been an extreme issue all around the world for hundreds of years, and since modern technology has advanced, so has cyber bullying. â€Å"‘Gimme’ your lunch money† has turned into texting and posting gruesome threats and embarrassing material all over social media. Millions of kids all over the world have taken their own lives due to the harmful effects of cyber bullying. Problems that cannot be resolved independently are brought to court, and the government has become increasingly involvedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1201 Words   |  5 PagesINTRO Cyber bullying is any form of bullying that takes place over the internet, whether via texts, twitter or other forms of social media. Approximately 52% of children have reported being cyber bullied at one point, or another*. While this number may not seem catastrophic, this statistic is based only on the instances of cyber bullying that have been reported. The reality is that there are many more children who have been cyber bullied, and did not tell anyone that it was happening to them. AnotherRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are two specific types of bullying. Bullying in itself and cyber bullying are two of the worst and most aggressive behaviors teenagers are involved in these days. No matter how this problem comes about or what process individuals go through to get to this point, it is an irresponsible yet dangerous form of action. Bullying in any form can cause harm to the victim, even death. Making a choice to be a bully is like that of building a bad character for one’s self. Definition CentersRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society1283 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Social media has become a well known pastime for individuals of today’s society. There are various social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and SnapChat that have open doors for communication and entertainment among people all across the world. Despite the positivity of social media, it is also now being used to cause harm to people. Cyber bullying differs from traditional physical bullying, because it occurs through emails, texts, or social media. The person behind the computerRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society Essay1931 Words   |  8 Pages Cyber-bullying The saying, if sticks and stones will break my bones, but words will never hurt me was ever true, it sure isn t true today (Alexander, 2011). The survey of 9 years olds in 35 countries found that New Zealand is the one most second highest rate of school bullying. (nzherald, 2012). Especially in this case parents really need to take a stand against bullying to help prevent it and to stop it. We as parents need to be a part of the solution, not the problem. Cyberbullying is harmfulRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1139 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is an escalated issue that has become an epidemic, it happens in schools, on line, in between genders and can literally occur anywhere. Bullying is the act of aggressive behavior in which intimidation and/or physical harming towards another person is involved. It causes an imbalance in which the stronger person or group attacks the weaker and initiates repeated mistreatment towards the same victim over an extended period of t ime. In a situation where insults escalate and bullying arisesRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society2249 Words   |  9 PagesIs Cyber Bullying as Bad as Face-to-Face Bullying â€Å"Some people won’t be happy until they’ve pushed you to the ground. What you have to do is have the courage to stand your ground and not give them the time of day. Hold on to your power and never give it away.† (Donna Schoenrock). In this day and age, there are so many new ways to connect with people all over the world through social media. One of the downsides is that it means that there are also new ways to harass others. Cyberbullying means theRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society1537 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been going on for generations, it’s not a new topic. That doesn’t mean times haven’t changed. New technology has made it possible for people to bully one another without even having to be near them. This is called â€Å"Cyber Bullying†. Teens are turning electronic devices into â€Å"weapons† by using social networking websites, chat rooms, text messaging, and even more ways possible. Through this they call each other names, demean each other, and even threaten each other. Kids are put in seriousRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society883 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bullying is the use of electronic communications to bully a person. Cyber-bullying takes place by using the Internet, cell phones, video game systems, and other technology. Cyber-bully sends or posts text or image that is intended to hurt feelings or embarrass another person in front of others. Bullying is an aggressive behavior which causes harm and stress to its victims and it escalates over time. Furthermore, everybody has mobile phones and they are using it all day long. There is certainlyRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Society2174 Words   |  9 Pages Cyber-bullying has been an ongoing issue for a very long time; overtime it seems as if over the last few years it has progressed even more due to the development and increase of technology. I believe that cyber-bullying has become one of the most difficult issues to resolve in our society. Cyberbullying can be such a difficult thing to face in a world like today. The victim is usually bullied by an individual or a group of individuals who use this as a way to cope and make themselves feel better

Ratio Analysis & Capital Budgeting

Question: Explain Ratio Analysis Capital Budgeting. Answer: Ratio Analysis is an important and useful tool for analysing financial information and statements. They condense a lot of data into simpler form in number of ratios and percentages and help the users of financial statements make sense of the financial and operating performance of the company. Ratio analysis also makes comparison between performances of companies easier. (Kothari, 2004)(Oysazar, 2012) If we look at the various profitability ratios such as Net profit margin and Return on Assets we observe that the values have hardly shown any significant deviation over the last four years hinting at the steady growth of the firm. It also hints at the fact that sales and profits are increasing by the same percentage which means expenses are also growing.(Eriotis, Frangouli, Ventoura-Neokosmides, 2012) This would have been a sign for worry had the expenses been growing at a faster rate.Net profit margin is an industry specific ratio and would be higher for a company like ABCAM which is into pharmaceuticals and life science than for a company like Tesco which is in the retail industry. On the other hand Return on Assets is a measure of how efficiently a company is using its assets.(Gibson, 2012) A company like Abcam has a lot of assets which are intangibles and goodwill which have a long pay off period, hence this ratio for them is bound to be lower than other companies operating in different sectors. Again if we look at the efficiency ratios average inventory days figure for this year of 170 is very high. Simply put it means it takes ABCAM 170 days to turn over its inventory. Again this is industry specific and while 170 might be a bad number for one industry it might not necessarily be bad for ABCAM which is in the life sciences industry.(Raoa Rao, 2009) The high current ratio through the years is testimony to the fact that ABCAM is very well off liquidity wise. One good thing is that inventory constitute roughly 20% of current assets so even if we were to take the quick ratio which is generally considered a better measure to evaluate a firms liquidity, ABCAM does very well on that front as well.(Bajkowsi, 1999) If we look at market performance of shares we can see that the company has been steadily increasing its EPS and dividend payments which is a good sign for the investors. To calculate the P/E ratio historical prices of the stock have been taken from Yahoo Finance. P/E ratio is a measure of whether a company is undervalued or overvalued by comparing this value with companies operating in the same industry. If we look at P/E ratio of OCAD Group and ASOS their P/E ratios are extremely high 141 and 76.5 respectively. Generally, such a high P/E ratio can mean two things which might be complimentary. Firstly, it is overvalued and secondly that investors are expecting higher future earnings from it. Therefore, it can be said that for ABCAM the P/E ratio is more or less steady as from its past performance investors expect steady earnings.(Wu, 2014) Next up the ratios have been derived from restated financial statements. The concept of economic different is quite different from accounting profit. Whereas accounting profit only considers the explicit costs the economic profit considers the implicit costs as well.(Li, 2012) If we look at ABCAMs profit margin calculated from restated financial statements and compare it with the profit margin calculated from financial statements that there is a huge difference between profit margins for the year 2015 with the one calculated from restated financial statements showing a marked improvement. That is mainly due to the fact that in 2015 ABCAM had significant gains from the increase in exchange price of British pound which inflated this ratio.(ABCAM PLC, 2015) Similarly, in 2014 the profit margin calculated from restated financial statements shows a sharp fall as the British pound fell whereas for 2012 and 2013 the ratio doesnt show much difference because the pound was stable. (ABCAM PLC, 2014)(ABCAM PLC, 2013)(ABCAM PLC, 2012) Net Operating assets subtracts the investment assets and adds the operating liabilities to the total assets. Since the denominator value increases that if why we observe that Return in assets and asset turnover is lower in this section than the ones calculated from the financial statements. If we look at the overall economic profit of ABCAM we see that it is the highest for all the four years as the return on net operating assets was highest for this year. Economic profit is a good indicator of how a company is creating value for the stake holders, since it is calculated by subtracting the return on net operating assets with cost of capital. (Damodaran, 2007)Hence it is taking the debt serviceability and the required rate of return for the shareholders into account before calculating the net profit. If we look at the income statement and compare the economic profit with accounting profit, we find that it is considerably less but that is because it takes the WACC into context. Simply put this is the profit left after meeting the requirements of the debt holders and the equity holders as a surplus. ABCAM Plc has two investment opportunities. The first scenario has an initial capital outlay of 5 million GBP, wherein the company invests in a machine which results in revenues of 1 million GBP for seven years. At the end of seven years the machine can be sold for 2 million GBP. The second scenario has an initial capital outlay of 8 million GBP, wherein the company buys a patent which results in revenues of 2 million GBP for 5 years and at the end of five years the patent can be sold for 2 million GBP. The patent requires an annual fee of further 0.25 million GBP. The company has a decision at hand whether to invest in the first or second scenario. Since the first option has a positive NPV the company should invest in the first option. The first option has a positive NPV of 0.8 million GBP and an IRR of 14.5% which is higher than the cost of capital whereas the second option has a negative NPV of 0.125 million and an IRR which is below the cost of capital. At the outset and IRR might produce similar results but in some cases they produce results which oppose each other. Such cases are called conflict of NPV and IRR methods. (Mackevi ius Tomaevi , 2010) There has been a long standing debate as to which is a better appraisal method. On one hand while some managers tend to prefer IRR as it gives a definitive rate of return rather than return in currency terms and managers world over have a tendency to be inclined towards ratios. They tend to find NPV less intuitive because it does not measure the amount relative to the amount invested.(Arshad, 2012) On the other hand some managers consider NPV a better approach as they consider it more flexible as it provides information regarding how much the decision increases the firms value. In these areas IRR becomes restrictive particularly when used to appraise mutually exclusive projects and in cases with alternate positive and negative cash flows.(Drake). References ABCAM PLC. (2014). Annual Report. ABCAM PLC. (2015). Annual Report 2015. Arshad, A. (2012). Net Present Value is better than Internal Rate of Return. Bajkowsi, J. (1999). FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS: PUTTING THE NUMBERS TO WORK. AAII. Bajkowski, J. (1999). A LOOK AT THE CORPORATE CASH FLOW STATEMENT. AAII. Damodaran, A. (2007). Return on Capital (ROC), Return on Invested Capital (ROIC). Stern School of Business. Drake, P. P. (n.d.). Advantages and Disadvantages of the Capital Budgeting Techniques. Gibson, C. H. (2012). Financial Reporting and Analysis. Cengage Learning. Kothari, S. P. (2004). Financial Statement Analysis. MIT Sloan School of Management. Mackevi ius, J., Tomaevi , V. (2010). Evaluation of Investment Projects in Case of Conflict between the Internal Rate of Return and the Net Present Value Methods. Ekonomika, 89(4), 116-130. Oysazar, H. (2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of Financial Ratios. Wu, W.-T. (. (2014). The P/E Ratio And Profitability. Journal of Business Economics Research , 12(1).