Cause and Effect Paper About Aliens - 988 Words

Cause and Effect Paper Ashamed of Human Society Today With all the technical advances ( computers cell phones) and the medical evolution you would think that we would be proud of our society, but when asked to write an essay about if aliens came to visit our planet from a higher developed civilization would we be proud or ashamed of the state of human race today, taking a deeper look into our race I can only conclude that they would be disappointed. Would they want to breath in our polluted air, see the disrespect that humans often give one another based on a race or culture, agree with our disregard for other living things, agree with our decisions to get abortions because we can’t live up to our mistakes, or would they be†¦show more content†¦Everything on this planet deserves the right to life. But most people only care about themselves now a days, they don’t have any regard to the other living things around us. Not only does this attitude and behavior affect humans, but it also affects the other life forms on the planet as well. All living species are interconnected and play a role in the environment. If one species becomes endangered or extinct, it has a huge impact on the rest of the species as well. For example, even though humans view bees as pests and try very hard each year to make sure these insects do not invade their yards, bees are a very essential part of nature. Bees are necessary in pollinating flowers so that they are able to reproduce. Without bees, this process would be impeded. This is an example of how humans take their environment for granted. In attempting to make life better for ourselves, we often mistreat the little things that help our planet and harm other species. Furthermore not only do we as humans have disregard for other living things, but a lot of people don’t even have respect for babies that don’t even have the chance to be born or live. Just because these babies are not out of the womb yet does not make them anyShow MoreRelatedTh e Enactment Of Arizona Immigration Laws1241 Words   |  5 PagesA.Thesis statement: The enactment of Arizona immigration laws is the result of long-standing structural racism effects, and the practice of these laws leads to unconstitutional racial profiling concerns that target the Latino community on the basis of ethnicity. B. Description of paper / argument: a. In this paper, I will first discuss the historical development of structural racism in Arizona. b. Second, I will examine and analyze Arizona’s current immigration policies. c. Finally, I willRead MoreDeportation Of Immigrants : Deportation Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagesstates, is that families are inherently broken apart by the removal of a family member. Additionally, there are other psychological and psychosocial impacts on families that are far-reaching. 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Human Trafficking Is The International African Slave Trade...

The earliest form of human trafficking was the international African Slave Trade. This went on for years until it was banned. People began to start a White Slave Trade, whereas instead of Africans, they would trade caucasian women and girls against their will for prostitution (Oster, 2015). The criminalization of this did not happen until 1910 (Oster, 2015). In 1921, women and girls were the only ones being trafficked, and the reason was for prostitution and sexual abuse (Oster, 2015). Today, men and boys are also trafficked, but for labor positions like textile, agriculture, fishing, or other hard labor jobs. Today, the media is helping and hurting this issue. Human Trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purpose of forced labor or commercial sexual abuse. Traffickers use violence, threats, deception, debt bondage, and other manipulative tactics to force people into this business (Polaris, 2016). It is worldwide, ran and participated in by many, and brings in approximately $150 billion and involves 161 countries, annually (Polaris, 2016). Kids and teenagers are obsessed with phones and other electronics, but do they really know who they are talking and giving personal information to? Why do they do it? It’s all about the profit. A girl in Asia or Africa, who is forced into prostitution, brings in about $10,000 a year. If that same victim were to have been in an industrialized country, like America, she would have brought in approximatelyShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is The Exchange Of Human Beings Worldwide953 Words   |  4 PagesHuman trafficking is the exchange of human beings worldwide. As devastating as it is, human trafficking has been taking place since the United States was granted freedom from Britian. Everyone from the African Americans, children, women, and grown men have been victims of this color-blind crime. 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The economy and plantation owners were affected in the act of slavery. You should be informed that, how slavery affected the United States, how does human trafficking collide with slavery, and the living conditions of the slavery and human trafficking. Slavery didRead MoreMany Women And Young Girls Dream Of Having A Better Life.1281 Words   |  6 Pagesof being forced into enslavement, or better known globally as human trafficking. Every year though, it is estimated that anywhere between 600,000 to 800,000 women are lured, coerced, or forced against their will into the black market of human trade. Human trafficking is prevalent throughout the world, especially in Asia and more specifically in China. 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Business Orientation Of Tesco - Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an essay on business orientation of Tesco. Answer: The purpose of this report is to evaluate business orientation of Tesco. This report consists of different marketing strategies, which has been adopted by Tesco for being market oriented. The term market oriented strategy refers to the process of attracting new consumers towards the brand along with retaining the existing consumers (Ballantyne 2015). In retail industry, the market competition is high in contrast with any other industries. Therefore, customer centric strategies are the key success factor for Tesco, which facilitate the organization for gaining competitive advantages (Line and Wang 2015). This report further consists of recommendations for the management of Tesco for making the organizational strategies more consumers centric. Background of the organization Tesco is the third largest retail organization of global market, which is founded in 1919. Since then, the company is satisfying their consumers with high quality. The company has more than 6814 stores in global market. When it comes to revenue, Tesco is the second largest retail organization of global market. In UK, Tesco is known as the leader of grocery market and holding 28.4% of market share. The major business strategy of Tesco is to expand in global market for ensuring business sustainability. Moreover, the product quality product and pricing strategy of Tesco makes the company reputed in retail industry. Objectives of the organization Following are the objectives of Tesco: To expand overall sales volume within next five years To attract consumers with effective pricing and promotional strategies To communicate with the consumers for gathering valuable feedbacks from the consumers To improve organizational performance based on the consumers feedbacks Marketing strategies of the organization Tesco has adopted a customer centric marketing strategy, which helps the company to gain competitive advantages. The company is known for its efficient pricing strategy and product quality. Moreover, the company has adopted different market oriented strategies for attracting consumers from competitive market (Lin et al. 2016). Following are the components adopted by Tesco for being a market-oriented organization. Customer Focus In order to be a market-oriented organization, it is highly important to build efficient communication with the existing and potential consumers. Therefore, Tesco has adopted a communicative organizational culture, which helps the company to understand changing needs and demands of the consumers (Koh and Wong 2015). The major reason of understanding the changing needs of consumers is to solve consumers issues for better buying experience. Following are the steps followed by Tesco for fulfilling requirements of this marketing component (Santouridis and Stoumbou 2015). Listen: Tesco accumulates consumers feedbacks regarding the product quality, availability and price feasibility through their website. Tesco gives high priority to the consumers voice and therefore, consumers are not required to wait for communicating with the management of Tesco (Shah and Jain 2015). Additionally, this strategy helps the consumers to share their post-purchase behavior, which actually helps the company to improve consumers buying experience. Solve: Tesco not only gather feedbacks from the consumers, but also gathers feedbacks from the consumers for increasing consumers satisfaction (Homburg, Jozi and Kuehnl 2015). In order to solve consumers issues, Tesco has days return and refund policy. Impact: The above strategies help Tesco to maintain business sustainability by increasing consumers trust factors (Verhoef and Lemon 2015). Moreover, the organization focuses on environmental protection in order to attract consumers and other stakeholders in competitive market. Competitor Focus This strategy helps Tesco to understand the actual position of the competitors. It helps the company to understand the procedures followed by the competitors for satisfying needs and requirements of the consumers (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). In other words, competitive focus allows the organizations to implement better strategy in contrast with the competitors strategies. For example, Tesco follows competitive pricing strategy in which the company provides product at low rate than the competitors (Lederer, Schott and Keppler 2015). Moreover, the promotional offers provided by Tesco are considering the competitors activities. Therefore, it can be said that Tesco relies on competitors activities in order to adopt a customer centric approach. Additionally, Tesco has adopted Low Price Everyday approach for attracting new consumers from the competitive market. Product Diversification Strategy In order to satisfy needs and requirements of every type of consumers, Tesco has implemented product diversification (Saad, Hassan and Shya 2015). This strategy helps the company to expand business operation in different fields, which affects business profitability positively. In primary stage, Tesco has started with food products; however, the company has expanded in different fields such as tourism, telecommunication and financial sector (Alteren and Tudoran 2016). The reason behind adopting product diversification is to influence consumers buying behavior. The purchase decision-making process of consumers consists of a step, where consumers identify the actual requirements. Adopting product diversification helps the company to attract different consumers with different needs and requirements. Issues of the organization There are several issues faced by the organization, which prevents the organization from understanding consumers needs and requirements. In order to implement a consumer centric approach, it is highly important to understand the shoppers target in which Tesco is lagging remarkably (Ballantyne 2015). Moreover, the feedback evaluation process of the company is not much effective than the competitors in UK market (Line and Wang 2015). Therefore, it can be said that the issues faced by Tesco prevents the company from being a market-oriented organization. The basic attribute of market-oriented company to be consumer centric and on the other hand, Tesco fails to generate accurate data from the consumers feedback. Following are the issues faced by Tesco while implementing market-oriented strategies (Lin et al. 2016). Customer evaluation: The customer evaluation process of Tesco is not satisfactory enough to attract the consumers. In other words, feedbacks of the consumers are not evaluated efficiently, which prevents the organization from resolving consumers issues (Koh and Wong 2015). However, the company has an effective policy of communication in which the company establishes communication with the consumers. A low quality data evaluation prevents the organization from understanding the actual issues of the consumers; thus, improving the overall process becomes difficult. Employee efficiently: The employees of the Tesco are unable to deliver the designed service to the consumers, which prevent the organization from attracting consumers from competitive market (Shah and Jain 2015). Employees of an organization are solely responsible for communicating with the consumers. However, Tesco does not have any training program for educating the employees regarding how to evaluate consumers feedbacks. On the other hand, market oriented strategies are implemented for framing organizational goals and objectives for satisfying changing needs and requirements of the consumers (Homburg, Jozi and Kuehnl 2015). Therefore, it can be said that employee efficiency is one of the major issue faced by Tesco, which prevents the organization from attracting new and existing consumers. Recommendations In order to adopt customer centric strategies, Tesco should give high priority to the consumers feedbacks. In this manner, the company will be able to understand the consumers issues regarding the products and policies. For example, the return and refund policy of the company may dissatisfy a group of consumer. Therefore, the company needs to amend the policies in order to satisfy the consumers accordingly. However, Tesco should not change the complete organizational policies completely based on the consumers feedbacks. Following are the possible ways to improve market-oriented strategies for Tesco. Employee training: Tesco should focus on employees knowledge in order to improve consumer centric strategies. Therefore, Tesco needs to implement efficient training program for increasing knowledge of the employees regarding how they can build effective communication with the consumers. Gathering feedbacks from the consumers is not sufficient; the company needs to build healthy relationship with the consumers too for increasing customer retention. On the other hand, a market-oriented company is known for its customer centric strategy. Educating the employees regarding feedbacks evaluation is a customer centric strategy, in which the voice of consumers can be evaluated properly. Competitive pricing strategy: Competitive pricing strategy refers to the process of modifying the pricing strategy as per the market competition. In this strategy, the company should monitor the pricing strategy of the competitors randomly. Incorporating this strategy will help Tesco to provide products at lowest rate. Providing high quality products at low price will help the company to attract new consumers from competitive market. However, it is not possible to provide best quality product at lowest price. Implementing low pricing strategy can affect consumers trust factors negatively. Therefore, the company needs to adopt a suitable pricing strategy, which can affect both consumers buying behavior and trust factors positively. Customer communication: Tesco should spontaneously communicate with the consumers in order to understand the changing needs and demands of the consumers. A healthy communication strategy will help the company to gather consumers feedbacks regarding the product quality along with the post-purchase behavior of consumers. In order to implement customer-oriented strategy, the company should build healthy relationship with the consumers for increasing customer retention. If Tesco can build healthy relationship with the consumers, then it will be possible to increase consumers trust level. Therefore, it can be said that the company should adopt this strategy for improving their relationship with the consumers. Challenges of implementing the proposed strategies The above-mentioned strategies are efficient for improving consumer centric strategy of Tesco. However, there are different barriers that Tesco can face after implementing these strategies (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). The strategies recommended above are completely consumer centric and therefore, the consumers can take advantages from the easy polices. For instance, if Tesco modify the replacement policy according to the consumers requirement, then it can affect organizational profitability negatively. On the other hand, this strategy can satisfy the needs and requirements of the consumers to the highest extent (Saad, Hassan and Shya 2015). Therefore, it is important to implement certain measurements in order to get rid of the potential threats. The advantages of the above-mentioned strategies, Tesco needs to implement a balanced policy in which the company can facilitate both organizational and consumers interest. In other words, the company should have a basic philosophy while fr aming organizational policies rather than following consumers instruction accurately (Alteren and Tudoran 2016). Following are the potential threats for Tesco after implementing the proposed strategies. Low profitability: A competitive pricing strategy prevents the organization from delivering high quality product. In UK retail market, the competition is very high and therefore, many organizations have implemented low pricing strategy. Reducing price to the highest extent can affects profitability of the organization (Verhoef and Lemon 2015). On the other hand, reducing product quality can affects satisfaction level of the consumers negatively. Therefore, it can be said that a customer centric approach can hamper brand image of the company. In order to gain benefit from the proposed strategy, Tesco needs to focus on brand image along with market competition (Lederer, Schott and Keppler 2015). It is not possible to compete with the companies those are delivering low quality products at low price. Low brand image: Communicating with consumers frequently can affect the brand image of the company negatively. The information provided to the consumers is sensitive in nature and therefore, rival companies can use that information against the organization (Saad, Hassan and Shya 2015). Therefore, the organization should not provide frequent information to the consumers. In order to improve brand image, Tesco should understand the priority of the information that can be sent to the consumers for attracting them towards the company. Conclusion After preparing this report, it can be concluded that Tesco needs to improve their strategies for implementing a consumer centric organizational strategy. In order to improve organizational performance randomly, the company has adopted different strategies, which are market oriented in nature. On the other hand, evaluation of organizational strategies, it can be understood that the company is facing different issues. The recommendations proposed in this report are efficient and need efficient monitoring process for gaining positive outcome. This report consists of procedures in which Tesco can gain beneficial outcomes from the suggested procedures. In order to retain consumers from competitive market, Tesco needs to improve their strategic activities according to the proposed recommendations. Reference list Alteren, G. and Tudoran, A.A., 2016. Enhancing export performance: Betting on customer orientation, behavioral commitment, and communication.International Business Review,25(1), pp.370-381. Ballantyne, D., 2015. IS MARKETING BLIND TO THE INTERNAL CUSTOMER?.THE NORDIC SCHOOL, p.183. Homburg, C., Jozi, D. and Kuehnl, C., 2015. Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, pp.1-25. Koh, A.C. and Wong, J.K., 2015. The Impact of International Marketing Research on Export Marketing Strategy: An Empirical Investigation. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 172-175). Springer International Publishing. Lederer, M., Schott, P. and Keppler, A., 2015. Using a strategy-oriented business process modelling notation for a transparent company-wide business control system.International Journal of Decision Support Systems,1(3), pp.325-347. Lin, C.H.V., Sanders, K., Sun, J.M.J., Shipton, H. and Mooi, E.A., 2016. From Customer Oriented Strategy to Organizational Financial Performance: The Role of Human Resource Management and Customer Linking Capability.British Journal of Management,27(1), pp.21-37. Line, N.D. and Wang, Y., 2015. Market-Oriented Destination Marketing An Operationalization.Journal of Travel Research, p.0047287515622288. Saad, N.M., Hassan, S.H. and Shya, L.M., 2015. Revisiting the relationship between internal marketing and external marketing: The role of customer orientation.The Journal of Developing Areas,49(3), pp.249-262. Santouridis, I. and Stoumbou, M., 2015. Measuring Customer Relationship Marketing Outcomes in the Greek Banking Sector. InIndustrial Engineering, Management Science and Applications 2015(pp. 881-890). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Shah, T.R. and Jain, A., 2015. Customer oriented service culture and its impact on customer loyalty in organised retail context.International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management,11(1), pp.23-42. Verhoef, P.C. and Lemon, K.N., 2015. 4. Advances in customer value management.Handbook on Research in Relationship Marketing, p.75. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

What should be done to preserve Social Security for the future Essay Example

What should be done to preserve Social Security for the future? Essay Social security is the providence of economic aide to the deserving people of the society e.g. the old, poor and unemployed (due to disability or old age), and even in some cases the dependant children in a family. â€Å"Social security primarily refers to social welfare service concerned with social protection, or protection against socially recognized conditions.† (Social Security Wikipedia) In some countries government sponsored social security schemes are mandatory and â€Å"pensions† are provided to all the unemployed or retired old people in the country. It is sometimes deducted as a part of tax from the incomes of people and then paid as pension upon retirement. Pensions or other social security schemes may range from a mere financial help to the providence of homes, old age services and free medical care depending on the country and the policies in consideration. â€Å"Public retirement programs are important both to individuals and to national economies. They are the principal source of income of the aged in most industrialized countries [†¦]† (Rosa and Catellino p.2) However, in most recent times the graying populations in various countries seem to pose myriad problems for their respective governments. The crisis faced is providing extensive social security services which have evolved over the years to a huge population of old people on the expense of the taxes of the employed younger generation. This issue has threatened the social security system of many nations and various proposals regarding the preservation of social security are now under consideration. We will write a custom essay sample on What should be done to preserve Social Security for the future? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What should be done to preserve Social Security for the future? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What should be done to preserve Social Security for the future? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Different ways of preserving Social Security in the future At present many government sponsored social security schemes are funded by the â€Å"pay as you earn† policy and hence the amount paid by the individual himself/herself is used to provide social security services upon retirement. However, the inclusions of whole families in social security programs, especially those sponsored by the government have caused complications. Government has at times no choice but to use the social security funds on alternative issues other than the providence of social security. According to analysts, â€Å"the government used payroll tax surpluses to avoid making tough choices in addressing deficits in rest of the budget.† (Penny â€Å"Best way to save social security†) This can cause difficulties in continuing the social security system in the future. Since social security is the basic earning of the old. Disabled and many unemployed women, its continuance holds immense significance for the citizens of a country. Quite a few ways of preserving social security have been proposed and their pros and cons have been discussed by economists and concerned officials in various countries. Some of these possibilities of saving social security are being discussed here. Privatization of Social Security Privatizing social security involves the transition from an unfunded pay-as-you-earn system to the development of a mandatory system of privatized saving accounts. It is expected that this would not only improve the overall returns to the owners of these accounts as compared to the conventional system but also help to boost the economy. As it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a social security-keeping in view the phenomenon of graying populations- privatizing social security will open doors to better opportunities for both the consumers or social security receivers and the government by removing much of its economic burden. Privatization of social security system is being considered seriously for implementation by many countries around the globe including the United States. The main reason for considering this step is the successful outcome of privatizing social security in Chile. â€Å"Chile’s privatization coincided with spectacular takeoff of its economy and has led some observers to suggest that privatizing social security was the key to Chile’s economic growth.† (Feldstein p.265) The benefits of privatizing social security can be fully understood by understanding how the social security system lays a heavy burden on the governments economy since it not only depends on the taxes paid by the current generation but also by the future generation. Social security is actually dependant on the taxes paid by the future generations for the current generation because the taxes paid by the current generation are not saved in fixed accounts for their own use (as discussed above) but used by the government according to the demand of the situations hence the system is subject to changes in case conditions in future alter drastically. This system is depends not only on future tax payroll revenues but also labor market distortions. In addition, the current system does not invest the taxes or funds collected in investment plans but merely pay them out on regular basis. Privatization will not only help reduce the taxes but also make available the possibility of investing the individual funds for social security overall improving the output received by the people and improving the condition of the economy. â€Å"Social Security drains capital from the poorest areas of the country, leaving less money available for new investment and job creation. Privatization would increase national savings and provide a new pool of capital for investment that would be particularly beneficial to the poor.† (Tanner â€Å"Big boost for the poor†) Safe deposit or lock box deposit Safe deposit or â€Å"lock box deposit† is another way of saving the social security funds from being spent on other issues. The lock box deposit is being considered mainly in the USA and in a few other countries. In this proposed method of preserving the social security for the future, the social security funds would be kept completely separate from other funds and the expenditure of the social security funds on other issues will be prevented. Instead the government would be able to invest these funds in the stock market, hence being able to receive profit on these funds. This will not only secure the retirement pension plans but also help in ameliorating the economic conditions. In this way, the social security will not be privatized, stay in governmental control and both the people and the government will be benefited. Saving the surplus in this method would help pay national economic debt and enable the economy to set on a new path of progress. However, it is very difficult to ensure that the government policy makers would not be inclined towards using these funds on alternative issues depending on the situations which confront them. â€Å"Its very hard for government to prevent the spending of Social Security money because its the government itself that wants to do the spending.† (Penny â€Å"Best way of saving social security†) Increasing taxes Many governments facing the problems of retirement pension plans have proposed increasing taxes. An increase in the tax payrolls may seem to be a temporary solution to the long term social security problem. â€Å"There are, however, good reasons not to close the Social Security shortfall through an immediate increase in the payroll tax. Because of growing wage inequality, the real wages of most of the workforce have actually declined over the last two decades. Workers who have been experiencing declining before-tax wages are ill-situated to cope with a new tax increase.† (Baker â€Å"Saving Social Security in Three Steps†) Increasing the taxes would not only put burden on the current employed people but also provide only a very short lived solution. In the long run a further increase in the taxes would be required and hence the raising taxes alone would not be a suitable or feasible situation. Personal Saving Accounts If the people are given more control over their own funds then these funds could be protected from being spent by the government on alternatives. In order to give this control to the people, maintenance of personal accounts under government supervision seems a feasible option. According to this scheme people’s funds which would in future be used for the purpose of providing retirement pensions and other social welfare benefits, would be deposited in separate or individual accounts. â€Å"Assets set aside to fund future obligations are most likely to be insulated by a system in which ownership and control rest with individuals.† (Penny â€Å"Best Way to Save Social Security†) The funds in these personal accounts could be used in investments according to the desires and demands of the individual. This would transfer greater control to the individual and secure a source for diverse situations. â€Å"A system of personal retirement accountsprivately managed, owned by workers, and fully funded with a portion of their payroll taxeswould have other benefits as well. For example, such a system would create a direct link between the taxes workers pay and the benefits they can expect to receive, that link being the market rate of interest.† (Weaver â€Å"Personal Security Accounts†) This would be a very beneficial solution. People would have a clear picture of what they will get in the future when they retire. The government’s problem of trying to keep the retirement funds and other national funds would be solved and un necessary increase in tax could be prevented. Conclusion Social Security or more specifically speaking retirement pension plans are very important for those who are solely depending on these funds in the absence of an employment. A person may utilize these funds upon retirement in old age or if unable to pursue a job in case of a disability. Hence social security holds immense importance since it is the main source of sustenance for the old and the disabled. It is the duty of the government to provide social security.   When it claims taxes from its people, it is also responsible for providing retirement pension and social welfare system for the citizens. Since in recent times economic problems are rising combined with the problem of graying population, more old people have to be provided with social security at present as compared to the past. Therefore, effective steps have to be taken to ensure that social security system continues in the future as well. Privatization, setting up of personal security accounts or setting aside the taxes and investing them in the stock market are all various options which different governments can adopt according to the situations prevalent in their countries. No matter which option may be chosen from these possible solutions or others which may be proposed in the future, the most important aspect is to continue the system of social security without putting an extra burden on a country’s economy. This is very well possible if a systematic approach is adopted. Social security is a right of the citizens of a country especially when they have honestly paid their taxes. Hence the governments shoul d take every possible measure to ensure that their future is secured.

Comparison of Orestes Brownson and Eugene Debs Socialistic Ideas

Strategic Management Process Essays

Strategic Management Process Essays Strategic Management Process Paper Strategic Management Process Paper Running head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS Strategic Management Process MGT 498 In the following paper the strategic management process will be discussed. First to be described will be the primary components of a strategic management process. I will also indicate why a strategic management process is needed for a company. Finally I will research Apple and describe their strategic management process. The first step to strategic management is 1. Developing a strategic vision. The management or leader must come up with a vision for the company. This vision should focus on where management wants the company to be in five years. â€Å"A big first step in developing the strategic vision is to create a mission statement. The mission statement should define what an organizations purpose is and what it hopes to accomplish in the future. The corporate identity begins to take shape when the mission statement captures the strategic vision of leadership† (Akbar, 2008). The second step is setting objectives. This step puts the mission statement into action. It gives employees something to work toward. The third step is crafting strategy to achieve objectives. Management needs to develop a strategy for all employees to follow to reach the companies goals. The management needs to take into consideration all aspects of the goal including competitors. The fourth step is implementing ; executing strategy. This step is when the plan will hit the streets. Management has to make sure the plan fits with the company. The final step is evaluating and correcting. A good team is always looking for ways to improve the company. The plan must constantly be looked at for improvements. One company that has a good strategic management process is apple. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. Apples mission statement is as follows: â€Å" Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers globally through innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings† (Apple, 2011). By following this mission statement apple has the most dedicated and loyal customer base. With profit growing every day and consumers waiting in line for hours for the hottest apple product is incredible. There are only a few items that people will wait in an outrageous line for: 1. Black Friday Sales 2. Apple products. It is extremely hard to keep inventing new products to keep customers happy but apple seems to know the trick. Apple has a great strategic process that is monitored closely. If there is new technology to be invented apple is going to invent it. Any company that wants to succeed has to implement a strategic management process. If a company hires a good management team that follows thru with objectives and is a great leader the company will succeed. Any company has to monitor competition closely and always be one step ahead. If a company can be successful they have a good chance of following in apples footsteps. One does have to remember that apple just recently has been reinvented, everyone should have look on the bright side. Reference Akbar, M. (2008). Elements of the strategic management process. Retrieved from helium. com/items/844145-elements-of-the-strategic-management-process? page=2 Apple. (2011). Apple Infor. Retrieved from apple. com/about/

Why the Renaissance has been called the birth of modernity Essay

Why the Renaissance has been called the birth of modernity - Essay Example Renaissance was a powerful humanistic and cultural movement, which was featured with bright and cheerful expectations from the future. It was the time when people finally believed in own powers, so they had no insurmountable obstacles to the historical ascent to freedom, happiness and justice.Thus, as the Renaissance, the Modernism got its reputation of being the age of rebirth of exploration and learning. In contrast to the eclecticism with its interest to the reliability of the playback of national and historic art individual parts Modernism tried to revive the spirit of stylistic unity of artistic organisms. It was inherent to medieval or folk art, as well as to the Renaissance art. Abandoning from attempts to "reanimate" outdated academic standards by copying the styles of the past, modernist artists came to the new principles by shaping styling features of various eras and styles art. Through the understanding of the new designs and materials and as well as through using the ric h ornamentation of natural motifs, modern art brought not only ornamental beginning but also unprecedented rhythms, especially the mobility of nervous lines and shapes, and that incorporated all kinds of art of this period.So, as you can see, the effects of the European Renaissance were felt during the Modernity, as well as it is prevalent in contemporary society, when the cyber revolution is well underway following Machiavelli’s tenet of acceptance any means for achievement of desired purpose.

The King Tut Exhibit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The King Tut Exhibit - Essay Example Howard Carter had worked in Egypt for 31 years before he found King Tut's tomb. Carter had begun his career in Egypt at age 17, using his artistic talents to copy wall scenes and inscriptions. Only eight years later in 1899, Carter was appointed the Inspector-General of Monuments in Upper Egypt. In 1905, Carter resigned from this job and in 1907 he went to work for Lord Carnarvon. After several relatively successful seasons working together, World War I brought a near halt to their work in Egypt. Yet, by the fall of 1917, Carter and his sponsor, Lord Carnarvon, began excavating intensely in the Valley of the Kings. By November 1, 1922, Carter began his final season working in the Valley of the Kings by having his workers expose the workmen's huts at the base of the tomb of Rameses VI. After exposing and documenting the huts, Carter and his workmen began to excavate the ground beneath them. By the fourth day of work, they had found something - a step that had been cut into the rock. It was the stairway to the tomb of Tutankhamen. If there was anything left inside, it would be a discovery of a lifetime for Carter. If the tomb was relatively intact, it would be something the world had never seen. The plastered door was photographed and the seals documented. Then the door came down, revealing the Antechamber. The wall opposite the entrance wall was piled nearly to the ceiling with boxes, chairs, couches, and much more - most of them gold. On the right w On the right wall stood two life-size statues of the king, facing each other as if to protect the sealed entrance that was between them. This sealed door also showed signs of being broken into and resealed, but this time the robbers had entered in the bottom middle of the door. Before the entrance between the two statues in the Antechamber could be opened, the items in the Antechamber needed to be removed or risk damage to them from flying debris, dust, and movement. Documentation and preservation of each item was a monumental task. Carter realized that this project was larger than he could handle alone, thus he asked for, and received, help from a large number of specialists. To begin the clearing process, each item was photographed twice, both with an assigned number and without. Then, a sketch and description of each item was made on correspondingly number record cards. Next, the item was noted on a ground plan of the tomb (only for the Antechamber). Carter and his team had to be extremely careful when attempting to remove any of the objects. After the completion of the discovery, artifacts were in their thousands, many of which were golden and had inlays of precious stones. Scholars examined the objects, read the inscriptions, and tried to learn more about his life. The information that was taken seemed to focus more on the art, religion, and funerary beliefs than on the king's reign. The first question about the death of Tutankhamen that needs to be answered is that of the nature of his death. The two examinations of Tutankhamen's mummy found evidence that may answer this question. The first examination, conducted in 1925 when the mummy was unwrapped, found a dark colored lesion on the left cheek. It is slightly depressed from the rest of the skin, and looks somewhat like a scab (Carter, 228). They also found that the king was between 18 and 19 years of age when he died. His history is not completely

Comparing Poems Essay Example for Free

Comparing Poems Essay Identity is different for every person, it is what separates us all and makes us unique. Identity can be split into many categories. In the poem Nothings Changed, segregation is used to show us the poets feelings whereas Half-Caste is mainly focused on racial equality.  Each of the poets structure their poems in ways that express their feelings and ideas about identity; the differences in each vary. Half-Caste consists of 4 stanzas, written with a lack of punctuation and in patois dialect that allows the reader the freedom to express the poem in a way that they wish. Also, the haphazard, informal way that the poem is written suggests it should be read aloud. This reflects John Agards strive for freedom. The phrase, Explain yuself/wha yu mean/when yu say half-caste, is a refrain. This refrain is repeated throughout the poem to question the reader. It is an aggressive confrontation between the reader and the poet that elicits an answer from the reader. Nothings Changed is written formally so that the poet can express a controlled anger. Segregation is used to show the separate identities of blacks and whites. It is set out in 7 stanzas. The formal punctuation and structure is very organised which makes the poem seem like a story. Language is used to a dramatic effect in both poems, it reveals the poets ideas about identity. Firstly, in Half-Caste there is a pun of the half-caste weather, yu mean when light an shadow/mix in de sky/is a half-caste weather/, this play on words mocks the phrase half-caste which emphasises the poets feelings about a half-caste identity. In Nothings Changed, throughout the first stanza there is a series of onomatopoeias that give the reader the image of a man walking in a baron place. The mood of the poet is very much reflected in the language of Half-Caste and portrays the image of anger, confusion and annoyance. An example of this language is: Ah listening to yu wid de keen/half of mih earwhy I offer yu half-a-hand. This gives the reader the representation of a ridiculous happening, which is disrespectful to the opposing person. Nothings Changed also shares a similar mood of anger and frustration. The poet writes:  and the skin about my bones/and  the soft labouring of my lungs,  /and the hot, white, inwards  turning/anger of my eyes.  This includes within it repetition, powerful, angry words and references to body parts that identify the persons feeling of a painful anger. The poets use language to reveal their feelings about identity in both similar and different ways. They both project anger and confusion about the attitude of todays society knowing that equality is not present. In Nothings Changed the poet writes:  Hands burn/for a stone, a bomb,  /to shiver down the glass. /  Nothings Changed.  This begins with a metaphor; Hands burn which shows the person is feeling angry. The words a bomb,/to shiver down the glass. Are extremely effective as the glass acts as a symbolic barrier between colours and to shiver down this glass would be to break the differences/barriers between people of different colours. The poem ends with Nothings Changed, which basically sums the whole theory up: there always has been and always will be inequality within the world. This is similar to Half-Caste because throughout this poem John Agard is saying that people have no respect for each other and never will. He hopes though by saying but yu must come back tomorrowde other half/of my story that one day the prejudice might be put aside and people will come back with a better attitude towards each other. The identities that both poets show to reveal their feelings are similar because they both feel as though they have been victimized. The similarity is that in Half-Caste the man emphasises his thoughts by expanding things out of proportion to prove a point: Ah listening to yu wid de keen/half of mih earwhy I offer yu half-a-hand, and in Nothings Changed the person also takes things and changes them into something worse. An example of this is when it says whites only inn/No sign says it is:/but we know where we belong. This is saying that the restaurant is only for rich, white people even though he knows there isnt a sign saying so (He knows that if he goes in he will be laughed at). Both poems are similar also because they are based on black people being discriminated against by white. Both of these poems were very interesting and presented me with a question, which was how could I break down the barriers people have to make them better people? The poem I favoured was Nothings Changed because it was easier to picture as a story and I feel that the majority of people have felt like an outsider at least once in their life. Half-Caste did bring a strong point across but I believe that it was brought across in a bizarre and confusing way whereas Nothings Changed was easier to relate to from a past event.

The Abuse Of Power In Night And The Pearl

The Abuse Of Power In Night And The Pearl In the story Night by Elie Wiesel and The Pearl by John Steinback, I will be explaining, action,reasons, and the consequences of abuse of power in an excessive or unreasonable way. In Night I will be talking about Elieze and his father the abuse of power they experienced. In The Pearl I will be talking about Kino, and his family, the abuse they received by someone else having the power. In The Pearl Kino and Juana are also experiencing abuse of power. Have you money to pay for the treatment. (pg.11) this is the abuse uneducated, poor people, like Kino and Juana go through, for not having enough money to pay the doctor. Coyotito, Kinos son was stung by a scorpion and could not be attended by a doctor, because his parents cannot afford to pay. The doctor has gone out, he said. He was called to a serious case. He shut the gate quickly out of shame. (pg.12) the doctor abuses his power by helping only the clients with money, and putting aside the poor like Kino, Juana and Coyotito. Moishe the Beadle, was afraid that nobody would believe the massacre he experienced, as it turns out Moishe was right and nobody believed him. But now a young man named Elieze along with his family is experiencing the abuse of power by the Germans and the Hungarian police. We no longer had the right to frequent restaurants or cafes, to travel by train, to attend synagogue, to be on the streets after six o clock in the evening. Then came the ghettos. (pg.11) Elieze and his family are now prisoners in their own home, having to live by others rules. Sighet was divided into two ghettos, and every home was well watched and every window facing the street had to be sealed. Elieze and his family are now worried after finding out that, they will transferred to a unknown place. The ghetto was to be liquidated entirely; departures were to take place, street by street, starting the next day. (pg.13) The Germans are abusing their power and making everybody in Sighet fear for their lives, not know ing where they are going to be taken. That was asecret, a secret for all, except one: the president of the Jewish council. But he would not tell, or could not tell. The Gestapo had threatened to shoot him if he talked. (pg.13) everybody is waiting to find out what will happen, and what awaits them, after being imprisoned in their own homes unjustly by the Germans. Kino and Juana go fishing one day for oysters. Kino dives down into the water and starts to pull oysters off the hummock where they live. After opening all the oysters Kino opens the biggest one of all and finds a big shinny pearl inside. News of Kinos finding travels quickly into the ears of the doctors. He is a client of mine, the doctors said; I am treating his child for a scorpion sting. (pg.22) Now that the doctor knows Kino has money to pay for CoyotitoÂÂ ´s scorpion sting. The doctor decides that he will cure Coyotito, because Kino can now afford to pay him. The doctor is taken advantage of his power. The pearl was a sign of evil from the first time Kino found it. And suddenly he was afraid of his talking; his hand closed down over the pearl and cut the light away from it. Kino was afraid as a man is afraid who says, I will without knowing. (pg.26) the pearl as Kino and Juana start to notice is nothing but problems for them. One night after someone breaks into Juanas and Kinos home, Juana begs Kino to throw the pearl away. Throw it away; Kino let us break it between stones. Let us bury it and forget the place. Let us throw it back into the sea. It has brought evil. Kino, my husband, it will destroy us. (pg.38) Juana just wants to live in peace the way they lived before finding the pearl. Finally Kino and Juana take the pearl to sell it because they know people will try to take advantage of them. They are followed by the whole town, Now the dealers glanced quickly at one another, they knew they had played too hard, they knew they would be disciplined for their failure. (pg.52) the dealers try to take advantage of Kinos knowledge; they think they can convince him the pearl is not worth anything. Kino is aware of their evil intensions so he decides not to sell the pearl for the fifteen hundred pesos they offeredhim. The time has come you must leave all this, Hungarian police used their rifle butts, their clubs to indiscriminately strike old men and women, children and cripples. (pg16) The moment they have been waiting for has finally come. They are brutally being forced out of their homes by the Hungarian police and the Germans, the citizens are sacred and do not understand the cause of the police brutality. All the Jews, outside hurry (pg16) the citizens, are being lined up outside the street, so the police can take roll call They are forced to stand outside in the hot sun with no water. The heat was oppressive, sweat steamed from peoples faces and bodies children were crying for water. (pg16) Everyone has to wait in the hot sun for hours. Cruel and brutally is how the Germans are treating these poor people, not being able to stand up t o a higher power, the Germans are abusing their power on innocent people. Oh God Master of the Universe, in your infinite compassion have mercy on us. (pg20) El ieze after seeing his father cry for the first time in his life realizes this is not a game it is not a dream; all Elieze can do now is pray for all the injustice, pray and hope that this is just a big misunderstanding. Elieze cannot believe what they are being put through. We walked towards the station, where we were going to be taken by the Gestapo. After a long ride the train had finally come to a stop. In the air, the smell of burning flesh, it must have been around midnight, we had arrived in Birkenau. (pg28) The SS man came forward hitting and telling everyone to leave all the objects behind in the wagon. Their only things of value they had brought along had to be left behind Men to the left, women to the right. (pg29) This was the harsh reality, the moment when Elieze had been separated from his family, not knowing whether this was going to be the last time they would ever see each other. Elieze was scared and did not want to separate from his family. The threats continue for Kino and his family, the pearl has now become a real problem. Kino was attacked outside his own home by some stranger; Kino had no choice but to take a life to protect his family, killing a man for this reason Kino had to leave his home town. Kino was going to be wanted by these men and decided to leave It bit through neck and deep into the chest, and Kino was a terrible machine now.(pg86) This is what Kino has been driven to do, after being chased all over the place by some trackers trying to take his pearl and kill his family, Kino had no choice running out of places to hide Kino had to kill again. Kino had become as cold and deadly as steal.(pg87) After being pushed to the limit, Kino finally got tired and had to push back. Kino was tired of running, being scared, and treated like a dog. Worst of all Coyotito was shot, and killed by one of the trackers, causing Kino to lose his temper and go crazy. Kino killed the tracker with the rifle and with the same r ifle Kino killed the other two trackers. Sons of bitches, why have you come here? (pg30) The search for the truth is finally over, after a SS officer tells Elieze and the rest of the prisoners, why they have been brought to the concentration camp, and the terrible things that await them. You will be burned! With no compaction, you will be burned to cinder! Turned into ashes! (pg34) Elieze is stunned, and petrified at the news of being burned alive, how can the Germans be so cruel and cold hearted to just kill people for no reason, this is all a horrible nightmare for Elieze and the prisoners. A truck drew close and unloaded its hold, small children, Babies! Yes I did see this, with my own eyes.(pg32) Elieze cannot believe his eyes, how can something so incredible to believe be happening, and why doesnt anybody do something about this terrible nightmare. Why doesnt the world know about this horrible place, that is burning human being, and little defenseless children alive? If that is true, then I dont want to wait, ill run i nto the electrified barbed wire. That would be easier that slow death in the fire. (pg33) Elieze is now panicking and thinking of a better death, than to be burned alive. If he is going to die then he wants to have control over his own death. Now Elieze and his father are prisoners having to work and wait for their turn to be thrown into the crematorium, and be burned alive. As they approach the flames, they are ordered to go back to the barracks and wait to be transferred to another camp site. We had arrived in Buchenwald.(pg103) Elieze s father at this point cannot go on any further; he is tired, sick, and weak from all the beatings and cruelty the prisoners have been putting him through. They said that we were sick, that we would die, soon and that it would be a waste of food. (pg107) The guards did not feed Eliezes father because he is about to die, for the guards Eliezes father is just another body to throw away, they are just waiting for him to die so they can get rid of him. His last word had been my name.(pg112) Eliezes father could not fight any longer, after having a strong fever, he had started to hallucinate he could no longer go on dying on January 29. The resistance movement decided at that point to act.(pg1 15) Americans have penetrated into the camp and caused the SS to flee, and leave the prisoners behind. At six oclock that afternoon, the first American tank stood at the gates of Buchenwald.(pg115) the nightmare was over, just like that Elieze was a free man, he and the prisoners had been rescued from death. Not wanting to celebrate all Elieze wanted to do is eat some bread, he was dying of hunger and the way he wanted to celibate was by eating. From the depths of the mirror, a corps was contemplating me; the look in his eyes as he gazed at me never left me.(pg115) after so long of not eating right and being over worked like a slave, Elieze for the first time and could not believe it was him. In conclusion life is unexpected, and uncertain. The message The Pearl and Night give us is to never give up, to always keep fighting in what we believe. To stand up for our selves, and if possible to not allow others to control or take advantage over us. If we fall, to get up again to not allow miner speed bumps to slow us down. Fight for our right, our equality, and most importantly our freedom. These two amazing stories show us how brave and how much a human being can endure, under constant beatings and such cruelty by other human beings. This is a reminder to enjoy our life to the fullest, because any day our life, our luck can change so be happy with what we have and be grateful.

Product Life Cycle

Compaq notebooks 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Compaq Computer, based in Houston, Texas, is the world’s largest personal computer manufacturer and the fourth largest information technology (IT) company. From 1992-1997, the company’s aggressive high volume PC strategy propelled it to high growth rates in revenues, while its leadership in PC servers sustained strong margins and drove profit growth. Starting in 1995, former CEO Eckhard Pfieffer began to transform Compaq from a pure PC company to a full-service IT company, with the goal of becoming a $50 billion company that could compete with the likes of IBM and Hewlett-Packard.The key strategic moves were the acquisitions of Tandem Computer and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1997 and 1998, giving Compaq a diverse line of technologies and service capabilities. Compaq began revamping its information systems in 1994, building global enterprise information systems to support its globally optimized manufacturing and order fulfillment o perations. The systems were built primarily around SAP applications, running on Compaq PC servers and the Windows NT operating system in order to demonstrate that large enterprise systems could run on Compaq hardware.Compaq’s IT people were forced to distribute the SAP applications across ten interconnected sites around the world and customize extensively in order to run on Windows NT and meet Compaq’s needs. Compaq stumbled badly in 1998 as it faced new challenges in the PC market and tried to assimilate Tandem and Digital. In particular, Compaq struggled to catch up with Dell Computer, whose direct sales; build-to-order model gave it a big advantage in cost and speed over Compaq’s indirect sales, build-to-forecast approach.When the company disappointed investors with poor results in 1999, the board removed Pfieffer, who had been credited for Compaq’s previously stellar performance. Since Pfieffer’s departure, Compaq has reorganized itself along b usiness lines, streamlined its distribution channels and developed a new electronic commerce strategy called â€Å"NonStop eBusiness. † Compaq has gone through a series of IT reorganizations aimed at giving business units more control over IT decisions and resources. Compaq’s new CEO, Michael Capellas, came to the company in 1998 as CIO and was the force behind this reshaping of the IT organization.It is likely that newly hired CIO Robert V. Napier will continue the process in order to align IT with the new corporate structure, while also working to implement Compaq’s e-business strategies. Since 2007 till now Compaq Company has many products as follow: in 2007 they provide laptop Compaq Presarios to their customer, in 2008 they improve and developed Aero 4/33c Notebooks, and in 2009 they provide new model E500S Notebooks, 2011 EZ2700 Desktops and LT 486/33 Desktops at the same year. 2. 0 Compaq Cash flow The issues of cash flow for each stage of the product lif e cycle they are complete each other.Cash flow for a product as it moves on the life cycle curve will change. It’s very important to know and plan each stage for our product to be success. 2. 1cash flow in the five stages Introduction stage, The introduction of a new product onto the market is typically characterised by very slow sales, which may grow only very slightly over a long period of time. Whilst profits will gradually improve during this stage, it may take until near the completion of the introductory stage in the PLC before the company witness’s positive profitability.The reason for such low profitability during this stage is not so much the limited success of the product – measured in terms of low, albeit growing, sales – but the high costs of production and promotion that are required to try to develop customer awareness. R&D expenses are really high for Compaq in especially in terms of smart laptop, because now Compaq is moving in a new path of technology and there is no resource for them to use in order to reduce the R&D costs.Particularly in case of their new product Compaq Notebooks and Compaq Desktops that is already in introduction stage we can see some spectacular features for the first time about the Desktops. For example one of the new technologies that are used in Compaq Desktops is that it has a high quality and high processor. So we can see clearly that all of these new technologies have a heavy cost for producers. That is the reason that Compaq invests at least 13% of its sales revenue into R&D activities every year. For example Compaq spent $45 million on R&D this year compared to its competitor Dell 25 million. Growing stageThe growth stage in the PLC typically involves a rapid growth in sales as early adopters replace pioneers as the main consumer group. Whilst pioneers are characterized as those consumers who purchase products almost immediately when new products are launched, early adopters wait until t he price starts to fall and some of the product's potential weaknesses are ironed out. Compaq sales steadily increased as the product was promoted and became well known. It maintained growth in sales until 2010 through expanding the original product with new developments of quality, style, speed and price the total of cash flow.Compaq Desktops unit sales in 2009 14. 9 million PCs units and 10 million laptop units. Actually the growth stage for each company is a start point to collect its cash flow by the time, but for Compaq it starts form the first date of the product presentation directly. There are many devices in the market with Compaq product and services, why people prefer Compaq desktop? Quality, brand, price and speed. Maturity stage The maturity stage in the PLC is a key point for a firm because it marks the turning point in the product's success.Typically, the growth in sales decreases quite significantly and manufacturer's over-capacity (that is, larger than required inve ntories) results in a reaction by the firm and its competitors to slash price. In this stage Compaq desktop has a partner and that is Compaq Notebooks and Compaq Presario. This is the best extension strategy for this stage and it is totally clear that Compaq had planned for these year; Compaq development groups knew that they have to present such a powerful product with the capability of presence in two stages at the same time.The total sales units in this year have grown fast for Compaq in 2011 4. 721 thousand units. Declination stage Clearly, at this point, Compaq had to make a key business decision. Sales were falling; the product was in decline and losing its position. Should Compaq let the product ‘die', i. e. withdraw it from the market and give space for their new product. 2. 2 The Degree of Competition Faced by the Product by Applying Porter’s Five Forces of Competitiveness. The degree of competition between the competitors is very high. Successful products attr act other competitor businesses to start selling similar products or service.This indicates the third stage of the life cycle – maturity. This is the time of maximum profitability, when profits can be used to continue to build the brand. However, competitor brands from both Compaq itself (e. g. dell) and other company (e. g. acre) offered the same benefits and this slowed down sales and chipped away at computers market position. Compaq continued to support the development of the brand but some products (such as quality, price and style), struggled in a crowded market. 3. 0 Improving the Company’s Financial PerformanceRecommendations to improve performance will be focused on the product attributes and benefits with the aims to enhance driving experience and build brand personality. 3. 1 Promotion: Sales promotions have a significant effect on the behavior of consumers and trades people. Such promotions can bring in more profits for the manufacturers because they permit price discrimination. 1. Price discrimination: Producers can introduce price discrimination through the use of sales promotions. They can charge different prices to different consumers and trade segments depending on how sensitive each segment is to particular prices.Coupons, special sales events, clearance sales and discounts are examples to explain the phenomenon. 2. Effect on consumer behaviour: as sales promotions are mostly announced for a short period, customers may feel a sense of urgency and stop comparing the alternatives. They are persuaded to act now rather than later. 3. Effect on trade behaviour: Short-term promotions present an opportunity and encourage dealers to forward buy. This forward buying ensures that retailers won’t to go out of stocks. As dealers have more than the normal stocks, they think it advisable to advertise in ocal media, arranged displays and offer attractive promotion deals to consumers. These actions help in increasing the store traffic. 4- Exterior Design Exterior design is the key product attribute that plays an important role in enhancing the overall product brand image. We will look at compaq exterior design in terms of: †¢Shape Many feel that the overall design of compaq is not unique enough. compaq must invest in building its creativity and innovative on it to have own characteristic outlook/shape of product brand image. †¢Color Product color the range offered by compaq generally not attractive or unique.As one of its core values is customer focus, compaq has to focus to be really customer oriented, knowing what the customers want and offer the range of colors that appeal to different market segment effectively. 5- Interior Design Interior design of the laptop refers to its overall instrument panels such as the keyboard, the dash board, the other accessories and special feature in the laptop which is perceived as not stylish. The materials used are also felt as average low quality. Throughout the years , there is not much improvement in this area which can WOW the consumers.In fact, all these features will help to create using experience. Interior design with aesthetic features and good sound protection will make the customer feels joy and excited thus creating a strong positive feeling with the laptop using experience. 3. 2 Length of the Product Life Cycle Be Prolonged Compaq Company has many problems and some customers needs when they solve these problems the length of product life cycle will be longer, from improving their product, quality and price and other needs such as style color etc†¦. Increasing Sales: a promotion can stimulate product sales.Manufacturers commonly reduce the price of a product to induce customers to make a purchase. In the short term this can increase the number of units sold, which can lead to increased market share in the long run if the customer permanently switches from a competitor's brand. 4-Brand Loyalty: sales promotions can also be used to increase brand awareness and loyalty. Clubs or special memberships provide consumers discounts or promotions for continued use. 5-Impulse Sales: Sales promotions can generate impulse sales. A customer may not be aware of a product until she enters a store and sees a sign advertising a sale price.Impulse sales also result from in-store demonstrations. 6- Exterior Design: Exterior design is the key product attribute that plays an important role in enhancing the overall product brand image. We will look at Compaq exterior design in terms of: †¢Shape Many feel that the overall design of Compaq is not unique enough. Compaq must invest in building its creativity and innovative on it to have own characteristic outlook/shape of product brand image. †¢Color Product color the range offered by Compaq generally not attractive or unique.As one of its core values is customer focus, Compaq has to focus to be really customer oriented, knowing what the customers want and offer the range of colors that appeal to different market segment effectively. 4. CONCLUSION Compaq business model has been analyzed in conjunction with the marketing mix that is employed to identify its target Market. They build their brand name with their tagline, Compaq philosophy of low fares is aimed to make computers affordable for everyone. Compaq also aims at making using easy, convenient and fun for its customers.Their services and their pricing work together to identify their target market, however, their promotional activities and their distributional channel is aggressive developed, planned, and executed to target both foreigners and locals alike. Moreover, more advertising model should be developed and Compaq need to identify more suitable areas for distribution as more and more loss potential target could be captured which will at end generate huge revenue for Compaq. Reference Bliss, J. (1998). â€Å"Expense May Thin Ranks Of AAP Plan,† Computer Reseller News, April 13..Business Wire, â€Å"CompuCom ‘Co-Locates’ with Compaq to Increase Manufacturing Efficiency and Reduce Product Delivery Time and Cost,† 7/7/98. Business Wire, â€Å"Compaq Leverages Microsoft Partnership In Aggressive Internal Windows 95 Transition; Global Rollout Will Enhance Customer Support,† 8/15/95. Commercial Times (Taiwan), â€Å"Compaq to Bring Taiwan Partners into Web-based Business System,†. Compaq Annual Report, 1998. Compaq Annual Report, 1999. Compaq Annual Report, 2000. Compaq Annual Report, 2001. Compaq Annual Report, 2002. Compaq Annual Report, 2003. Compaq Annual Report, 2008. CNET News. om, â€Å"Compaq inks deal with PCOrder. com,†, June 29, 1999. Crothers, Brooke, â€Å"Compaq sees shortfall, plans reorg,† CNET News. com, June 17, 1999. Dedrick, Jason and Kenneth L. Kraemer, 1998. Asia’s Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World? New York: Oxford University Press. Hamblen, Matt and Kathleen Ohlson â€Å"Compaq : Reality Sinks In,† ComputerWorld, 6/21/99, Page 30 Hoover’s Online, Compaq profile. Industry Week, â€Å"What's Really Driving Apple's Recovery,† 3/15/99. Jackson, D. ()1998). â€Å"ERP Glitches Disrupt Compaq Order System,† The Australian 10 Nov, p36. Product life cycle The Product Life Cycle is indeed important in marketing since it tells the manufacturers when is the right time to launch a product and how should they launch it.   The cycle is concerned with the changes in the product, price, distribution, and the promotion.   The Product Life Cycle has four phases, the introduction stage, growth, stage, maturity stage, and the decline stage. The introduction stage deals with the launching of the product.   It concerns the product, price, distribution and promotion of the product.   One good example for this is the Nokia N80i.   This phone has a lot of other features that other phones do not have or it has combined features of different phones and it has turned into N80i.   It is a good example because it has just entered the market, and with the latest features, it can only be afforded by those who have extra $500 in their pockets.   It is during this stage that one promotes his product, giving out leaflets or pamphlets, having conferences, and the like.   And I believe that Nokia has done well in this part. Second, comes the growth stage.   This is the time when the company focuses on the growth of the revenue and their product being the preference product of the consumers. During this stage, the company heightens the distribution of the product.   The growth stage is when you improve and make innovations on your product.   One successful example would be the portable DVD players. Portable DVD players have been launched for quite some time now.   Furthermore, everybody is aware that there is this certain product available in the market.   As of now, there is a variety of portable DVD players.   They come in different colors and can play different kinds of file according to the buyers liking.   It is definitely a good example for this stage. The third stage or rather the maturity stage is when the product is at its peak in the market.   This is considered to be the most profitable stage.   This is when price are decreased to have more buyers.   Sales promotion is a must during this stage to maintain market share.   This is also the stage wherein the company aims their product to different from the other substitute products in the market. For instance, personal computers have long been in the market. A lot of computer brands have also arose in the market, like, BenQ, Dell, Apple, and Linux.   They have their own individuality and have their own identity.   Furthermore, the prices of their personal computers have already decreased in comparison with its prices when it was first launched in the market. The last stage would be the decline stage.   This stage is the time to decrease in production and price.   This is when the product is almost obsolete, or there has been a change in the preferences of the consumers.   Here are some ways to deal with the decline stage.   The company may close shop or to fully stop production and sales, continue production at a lower rate while hoping competitors will close or leave the market.   It can also be observed that in this stage, the distribution of the product becomes limited. This is what happened in the traditional cameras which only operate with film.   Only few companies sell this kind of cameras, unlike then, when almost all of the camera manufacturers compete to have the best kind of camera with film.   But then, it has already been replaced by digital cameras that are a lot cheaper in the long run (since there are no costs for photo developing and film), and they also provide an instant preview of the picture and are equipped with different settings for different uses. As of now, cameras that operate with film are cheaper than digital cameras.   Yes, traditional cameras are almost obsolete. It is only available for some photo and camera stores in the country.   And there are almost no promotional offers for this product. As said earlier, products have cycles, that's why they have innovations to remain attractive and profitable in the market. REFERENCES Bool, Hans. (2007).   A Normal Product Cycle-Some Examples. Ezine Articles. http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Normal-Product-Life-Cycle—Some-Examples&id=480455 Komninos, Ioannis. (2002).   Product Life Cycle Management.   Urban and Regional Innovation Research Unit. http://www.urenio.org/tools/en/Product_Life_Cycle_Management.pdf Products-Product Life Cycle. Tutor2u. http://www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/products_lifecycle.asp The Product Life Cycle.   NetMBA. http://www.netmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ The Product Life Cycle (PLC).   Marketing Teacher.   http://marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_plc.htm ; ;

Interests, issues, and psychological distance in integrative negotiation Essay

Integrative negotiation Introduction                   Giacomantonio, De Dreu, & Mannetti, (2010) argues that integrative negotiation is likely to reduce occurrence of future conflicts, result in acceptable agreements, and maintain the feelings of self-efficacy. The study used experimental design to evaluate the process and importance of integrative negotiations in conflict resolution. The evaluation was done based on the underlying interests (primary focus) and underlying issues (secondary focus). Primary focus was said to be the main considerations in integrative negations. Many negotiations fail to address the underlying interests and concentrate on issues and thus they end not getting a long-term solution. The authors argue that low psychological distance play an important part in constructive integrative negotiation as opposed to long distance.                   According to the study, integrative approach ensures that the warring parties are involved in negotiations and they achieve aspirations rather than fifty-fifty compromise. Many research carried out on integrative negotiations reveals that they end result is a win-win situation without compromising on any issue or need. In addition, the design of integrative negotiation involves considerations of the underlying issues in order to address the conflict effectively. The integration allow cooperation during conflict resolution process and ensure that no issues that are left unattended. Since all the issues are addressed during the initial conflict resolution, the probability of future conflicts is reduced significantly.                   According to the study, debriefing of the negotiators prior to the negotiation process helps the development of integrative negotiation. The process is enhanced from the fact that the negotiators familiarise with the situations and understand the priorities and preferences of their subjects. According to the authors, integrative negotiations are effective when negotiations involve on conflicting group members. When negotiation includes out-group people, there is high likely hood of disruptive and hurting negotiations rather than cooperative solution, which is the major factor in integrative negotiations. References Giacomantonio, M., De Dreu, C. W., & Mannetti, L. (2010). Now you see it, now you don’t: interests, issues, and psychological distance in integrative negotiation.  Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,  98(5), 761-774 http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/614552589/fulltextPDF/EAB7338B11CA4437PQ/1?accountid=35812http://dip38.psi.uniroma1.it/servizi/dppss2012/sites/default/files/giacomantonio_et_al._2010_jpsp.pdf Source document

Developing a Global Marketing Plan for Triumph Motorcycles The WritePass Journal

Developing a Global Marketing Plan for Triumph Motorcycles Introduction Developing a Global Marketing Plan for Triumph Motorcycles IntroductionMarketing objectives2. Product adaptation3. Promotion mixConclusionIntroductionMarketing objectivesProduct adaptationPromotion Mixa. Adverting objective  b. Sales promotionsc. Personal sellingd. Other promotional methodsDistribution: from origin to destinationa. Port selectionb. Mode selectionc. Packingd. Document requirede. Insurancef. Freight forwarderg. Channels of distributionh. Wholesale middlemeni. Import and export agentj. WarehousingPrice determinationTerm of saleMethods of paymentConclusionReference:Related Introduction Triumph motorcycles is a privately- owned British company. Triumph has always had its own distinctive character and a history of creating motorcycles. The company plans to enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan, which is including 7 main parts: marketing objectives, product adaptation, promotion mix, distribution, price determination, term of sale, and methods of payment. Marketing objectives a). Establish retail stores in Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong b). plan to add 5 to 15 dealers through 2013 c). Increase retail unit sales to more than 28 percent d). Triumph for the planning years above 3,000,000, take 0.9% market share e). target markets- buy for leisure, buy for competition, and buy for collection. Market segment: a) geographic segmentation- population growth rate around 5.28†°, male to female ratio was 119:100, target population is around 50 000, East Sea and South Sea biggest part of Chinese GDP, China GNP in 2009 was $437 billion,   in 2008 was $422 billion, growth rate 9.65% b). Demographic segmentation- between 25 and 45 occupied 70%.   Buy for competition aged between 25-30, for collection aged over 38, buy it for leisure aged 30-40, aged 25 years above, 80% of target audience Bachelor degree or above. c). psychographic segmentation-(SRIC-BI) and (VALS) 2. Product adaptation a). core product benefits- features, image, technology, and perceived value b). product attributes-brand name, quality, packaging, design, size and color variants, country of origin, price c).support service-livery, installation, guarantees, after-sales service and spare parts 3. Promotion mix a), 1.advertising objective- increase among 200,000 people who personal annual income above $100,000, from 22 percent to 31percent in one year. 2. Media mix- television, magazines, outdoor, brochures and internet 3. Massage- Is not only a motorcycle, but also a lifestyle; go your own way b). 1.Sales promotions objective- carry new items, encouraging stocking, building brand loyalty, encouraging support of a new product or model, and searching more potential customers. 2. coupons-10% discount 3. Specialty advertising- low-cost items bearing the company’s name and address c). Personal selling- hired 10-15 sellers, AIDA method, FABV method d). Other promotional methods- Catalog marketing, Telemarketing 5. Distribution: from origin to destination a). Port selection-Tianjin portï ¼Å' Hongkong portï ¼Å'Shanghai port b). Mode selection C). Packing- wooden case, label attached on the container d). Document required- transportation documents, banking documents, commercial documents and government documents. e). Insurance- cover loss and damage to the product f). Freight forwarder- 1.advantages concentrated core business, reduce investment fee, decrease the risk, reduce the cost, save the expenditure, and decrease inventory; improve level of transportation service, improved; finally 2. reduce control in the supply chain, bring risk of relationship management, cause leakage of business secrets g). Channels of distribution- two-level channel: a wholesaler and a retailer. Type: department store and franchise organization. h). Wholesale middlemen- full-service wholesaler, mark-up the cost of 20 percent i). Import and export agent- negotiates exchange transaction, commission of 2 to 6 percent of the selling price j). Warehousing- distribution and automated warehouses, locate suburb of Shanghai 6. Price determination- Total retail price in China of $24,763, is a 206 percent of the British price 7. Term of sale-Ex-workï ¼Å'FOB, FAS,CIF 8. Methods of payment- cash in advance (unfair), letter of credit, open account (later) Conclusion The Chinese market is potential market for the company to entry. Triumph will find huge power of purchasing in China. Moreover, it has increasing demand of Chinese consumers for luxury products. Triumph motorcycle before enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan. Triumph already entry Chinese market. Introduction Triumph motorcycles is a privately- owned British company and that their motorcycle are designed, developed. Triumph has always had its own distinctive character and a history of creating motorcycles. Triumph’s aim is to craft motorcycles that deliver a great riding experience through the fusion of well- balanced, easy to handle chassis and strong, flexible engines. The company currently has market in many major counties like the UK, America, and Japan (Triumphmotorcycles.co.uk, 2011). As the development of emerging marketing, the company plans to enter Chinese market. In the face of globalization many firms attempt to expand their sales into Chinese market. However, internationalization is unlikely to be successful unless the firm prepares in advance. Just like Triumph motorcycle before enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan, which is including 7 main parts: marketing objectives, product adaptation, promotion mix, distribution, price determination, term of sale, and methods of payment. Marketing objectives In Chinese market Triumph continue developing truly existing motorcycles product that are distinctive in looks, design and performance to this new market. Triumph’s aim is to craft motorcycles that deliver a great riding experience through the fusion of well- balanced, easy to handle chassis and strong, flexible engines. The result is an inspiring range of motorcycles delivering intelligent, usable performance (Triumphmotorcycles.co.uk, 2011). In addition, in Chinese market Triumph group will pay more attention on after-sale service, such as, provide assembling and fitting service for customer convenience, also provide accessory. The long-term development projects and the solid business base Triumph have to start their new business relationship. Triumph already have retail store in Taiwan, according to this situation before enter Chinese main market they will sell product in internet first. This model we called â€Å"DELL direct selling model†. This model not only can b ring more profit for the company, but also make the user close to the company. Then supply of goods and service available to meet market demand. Next step will to establish retail stores in Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong. Triumph strategy is multi-generational and multi-cultural. It calls to grow sales to their core customers, while growing sales to outreach customers at a faster rate. In Chinese markets Triumph plan to add 5 to 15 dealers through 2013, and in the same period increase retail unit sales to more than 28 percent (figure 2). From (figure 1) we can see that the whole industry sales for the 2009 about 25,427,700, industry sales for the 2010/1-7 mouths around 16,839,900, estimate industry sales for the planning year around 40,000,000, estimate sales for Triumph for the planning years above 3,000,000, take 0.9% market share of whole market (stats.gov.cn, 2009). Triumph has a great number of Chinese market information. These are information will help company good to know who is the potential customer, what they need, and how to communicate with customer. The target markets are followed: buy for leisure, buy for competition, and buy for collection. Triumph will use E-commerce which is the selling or buying of goods and information over the internet, and through transport. So they will spare no effort to serve their customer with high quality products and best service, no territory restriction. From geographic segmentation, China has a vast territory and a large population, despite the implementation of birth control, still sees a yearly net increase of 17 million peoples, a number equal to the population of a medium-sized country. The population growth rate is keep around 5.28†°, male to female ratio was 119:100(baidu.com, 2009). So Triumph total amount of target population is around 50 000. According to geographical region China is divided into three ladders. The most population focus mainly on ladder 1 and ladder 2.China from south to north is Bo Hai Sea, Yellow Sea, East Sea and South Sea. These four main areas boast a developed economy, well- grounded infrastructure and abundant human resources. Especially, areas of Ea st Sea and South Sea, these two areas contribute a biggest part of Chinese GDP. China GNP in 2009 was $437 billion, and in 2008 was $422 billion, growth rate about 9.65% (baidu.com, 2009). So Triumph’s new market will focus on Shanghai, Beijing and Hongkong. From demographic segmentation, the sex ratio of male customer is higher than the female customer.   The age of the patients was mainly between 25 and 45 which occupied 70%. Customer   buy product for competition aged between 25-30, for collection aged over 38, buy it for leisure will be a biggest part of sales, usually, aged 30-40. Aged 25 years above, 80% of target audience have Bachelor degree or above. Personal annual income above $100,000 will be target group. In China, around 200,000 people personal annual income above $100,000(stats.gov.cn, 2011). In psychographic segmentation, customer divided into different groups on the basis of lifestyle or personality and values (Kotler P, 2000). According to the consulting business intelligence’s (SRIC-BI) value and lifestyles (VALS), the target audience trend to followed kinds of people: innovators who successful, sophisticated, with high self-esteem, also are very active consumers, purchases tastes for upscale product and service; Achievers who have goal-oriented lifestyles and a deep commitment career and family, image is important to achievers, they favor established, prestige product and services that demonstrate success to their peers; Strivers who are trendy and fun loving, favor stylish product, they are active consumers because shopping is both a social activity and an opportunity to demonstrate to peers their   ability to buy(strategicbusinessinsights.com, 2011). In behavioral segmentation, the target group will be who trend to spending too much money on luxuries; who enjoys going to competition, like something exciting; who favor collection, a way to demonstrate success. Product adaptation â€Å"In creating an acceptable product offer for international market it is necessary to examine first what contributes to the ‘total’ product offer (Hollensen S, 2004).† In order to the product can be adapted for the Chinese market, it is necessary to examine what the product offer, which is called to the three levels of a product. First level, core product benefits which is include functional features, image, technology, and perceived value (Hollensen S, 2004). A product can also be adapted to function under Chinese political conditions. Development new technology and it’s for reducing motorcycle emissions in whole motorcycle industry. In Chinese market, Triumph still will keep have a distinctive three-cylinder layout, which makes them more powerful than the two-cylinder bikes, and more relaxing than the high revving four-cylinder bikes. In product image area, try to make customer feel comfortable, classical, fashion and luxurious. Motorcycles were also classified by types of use, generally separated into four groups: standard, which emphasized simplicity and cost; performance, which focused on racing and speed; touring, which focused on comfort and amenities for long-distance travel; and custom, which featured styling and individual owner customization (source: Caseâ… £.4 Triumph Motorcycles Ltd). Second level, generally we called product attributes, include brand name, quality, packaging, design, size and color variants, country of origin, price and staff behavior (Hollensen S, 2004). In Chinese market, the brand name better to change, because of different language system. For instance, in Taiwan market they change the brand name to Kaixuan which mean victory in Chinese. Chinese name will be better and easy for customer to pronounce, recognize and remember, so the company better to continue use Kaixuan in Chinese new market, also Triumph available too. In order to reduce the cost, product assembly in China, but supplier from a round the world, keep product quality in the first level. The packaging, design, and color, which featured individual owner customization, depend on customer different demand, if customers willing to pay more for the convenience, appearance, dependability, and prestige of better packages, design, and color, the price of a product also will be difference and charge extra money; in a other hand, if customer do not want individual owner customization, the packaging, design, and color will be fixed and free, which already included in a product; in generally speaking, pricing strategy will follow Taiwan’s market. The size of Triumph’s motorcycles are in the middleweight and heavyweight category only, these two categories satisfy Chinese market demand. Third level, which include delivery, installation, guarantees, after-sales service and spare parts (Hollensen,S, 2004). Triumph will set up after-sales service in Chinese market, offer prompt and reliable after sale service, p romise timely delivery, and guaranteed quality. Customer do not need to worried about repair, maintenance, and spare parts, all the service will be offered by Chinese after-sales service department. Promotion Mix a. Adverting objective â€Å"The advertising objective must flow from prior decisions on target market, market positioning, marketing mix (Kotler P, 2000).† Triumph’s advertising objective: to increase among 200,000 people who personal annual income above $100,000 the number who identify brand Triumph as a good quality, performance and worth to buy from 22 percent to 31percent in one year. Persuasive advertising will be the best choice for Triumph. Triumph attempts to persuade consumers that delivers special taste and status than other brands of motorcycle. Try to make an explicit comparison of the attributes of another brand, such as, compare with Harley-Davidson. In media mix area, Triumph attempts to use television, magazines, outdoor, brochures and internet.   Television advertising combines sight, sound and motion, also appealing to the sense, and with high attention and reach (Kotler P, 2000). For a new band in Chinese market, the first step should let costumer recognize the brand, s o need keep exposal. Triumph attempts to advertise at peak viewing time at the CCTV (is a biggest TV station in China), especially during economic news time. Magazines might be a good choice. It is with high geographic and demographic selectivity, credibility and prestige, high- quality reproduction, long life and good pass-along readership (Kotler P, 2000). There are several magazines on the list, such as, For Him Magazine, which is best choice for man to read; Hurui Magnate Magazine, it is popular in rich people; or Auto Magazine. There are several reasons for choice outdoor advertising, because of high repeat exposure, flexibility, low cost and low competition (Kotler P, 2000).   The poster announces in extra- large print in the commercial center and shopping center of a city. Brochures is a convenient media, it is more flexibility, full control and can dramatize messages. Triumph attempt to production a brochures, which include company history, product information, big event, contact information so on, then send to different kind of place, such as, golf club, polo club, yacht club, luxurious hotel, owner retail store and auction house. The most popular approach is the internet advertising, which include high selectivity, interactive possibilities, and relatively low cost. For example, Triumph can use facebook build close relationship with customers, also advertising on facebook.   â€Å"Is not only a motorcycle, but also a lifestyle; go your own way†, it is a main advertising massage and product value Triumph deliver to customer.   b. Sales promotions For Triumph, sales promotion objectives include persuading retailers to carry new items, encouraging stocking of related item, building brand loyalty, encouraging support of a new product or model, and encouraging searching more potential customers (Kotler P, 2000). In order to achieve the objectives, there are many sales promotion tools can be use. For instance, free trials, which inviting purchasers to try the product without cost, after that they may will buy the product. Triumph encourage free test-drives to stimulate purchase interest. Moreover, use coupons, which saving on the purchase of a specific product. Such as, buy Triumph’s coat with its T-shirt by a 10% discount coupon. Specialty advertising, which consists of useful, low-cost items bearing the company’s name and address, give to prospects and customers. Such as, pens, calendars. Join trade shows and conventions, which display to demonstrate Triumph’s product. Usually, trade show attracted thousand and thousand people attendance. c. Personal selling Personal selling is person-to person communication between a company and a buyer. The seller’s communication effort is focused on persuading, marking a sale and building a relationship with buyer (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). Every Triumph seller must be well trained, providing training in a specific trade with aim of gaining employment. Every Triumph retail store hired 10-15 sellers. Triumph’s seller will use two main methods to desire customer purchase behavior. First one is AIDA method- get attention〠interest〠desire〠action (Kotler P, 2000), seller mouth to mouth introduce brand or product story to customers. Second one is FABV method-features〠advantages〠benefits and value (Kotler P, 2000), seller focus on describe product’s   physical characteristics, and what the advantage. In order to better satisfy the clients, in Triumph, one seller completely follow one order, include guide after-sales service. d. Other promotional methods Catalog marketing: Triumph send full-line merchandise catalogs, specialty consumer catalogs, and business catalogs, usually in print form but also sometimes as CDs, videos, or on-line to customer (Kotler P, 2000). Make customer good to know Triumph and their product and service. Telemarketing: Triumph use telephone to attract new customer, to take order. Telemarketing will increase company’s income, reduce cost, improve customer satisfaction, and offer customer service and technical support. Distribution: from origin to destination a. Port selection In order to reduce the cost, Triumph plan to joint venture one Chinese motorcycle company, so most product assembly in China, some new and special case assembly in UK, and supplier from around the world. For example, a batch of products from British port deliver to Shanghai port by ocean carry, then distribute to Shanghai’s retail store. Beijing close with Tianjin port, Hongkong close with Hongkong port, so transportation is very convenient of all three markets. b. Mode selection Transportation usually constitutes 10-15 percent of the retail costs of imported goods (Hollensen S, 2004). There are four main modes of transport: rail, air, ocean and road. According to above comparison, Triumph will choice ocean carrier to be main vehicle; special use for international business to business mode; for national B to B, or B to C mode use motor carrier will be economical. If customer have extra requirement, air carriers also will be available, but need pay extra deliver fee. c. Packing A packing that catches the eye will help us push the sales. Triumph attempt to use wooden case to package motorcycle, use existing label make it to be an elaborately designed graphic that is part of the package. This label might describe the product: who produce this product, where it was made, and what kind of product it is (Kotler P, 2000). Finally, the label might promote the Triumph through its attractive graphics. Triumph will use container to deliver product, the label may be attached on the container, the label will identifies the product or brand, also will increase ratio of brand exposure. d. Document required Triumph require following four most common export documents: transportation documents, banking documents, commercial documents and government documents. Transportation document include bill of lading, dock receipt and insurance certificate (Hollensen S, 2004). More specific, now Triumph had a batch of product should transport from UK to Shanghai by ocean carrier. Ocean carrier will issue of dock receipt to Triumph to prove carrier received the product and start take responsibility of these products. Then will received bill of lading, may be used as an instrument of ownership. â€Å"Banking documents letter of credit is a financial document issued by a bank at the request of the Chinese Triumph, guaranteeing payment to the UK Triumph if certain term and a transaction are met† (Hollensen S, 2004). Commercial invoice is the bill for the products from the exporter to buyer, also as a basis of taxation to British government. Government documents included export declaration, consula r invoice and certificate of origin (Hollensen S, 2004). If British Triumph want to export their product to China, they have to complete fill the export declaration, include transportation information; also need consular invoice from Chinese consul that is used to control goods shipped there; certificate of origin is a document that is make Chinese buyer   to know the origin of motorcycle. e. Insurance On the other hand, Triumph need to buy insurance certificate, that is provided to cover loss and damage to the product during the transport process. f. Freight forwarder Hiring a freight forwarder for Triumph Motorcycles transportation, will have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Analysis of pros and cons of hiring a freight forwarder, there are several advantages to hiring a freight forwarder with the goal to concentrated on all effort to developing core business; also can reduce investment fee, and decrease the risk; Triumph will reduce the cost, save the expenditure, and decrease inventory; improve level of transportation service, be more professional, the enterprise image is greatly improved; finally, take advantage of an in-place network complete with resources and experience. Unfortunately, freight forwarder might cause Triumph reduce the firm’s control in the supply chain; may bring risk of consumer relationship management; and might cause leakage of business secrets (etest8.com, 2011). g. Channels of distribution Triumph attempt to select a two-level channel to enter Chinese market. A two-level channel contains two selling intermediaries, such as a wholesaler and a retailer. There are two types of retailers satisfy Triumph motorcycle: department store and franchise organization. Department store operation several product lines, each line operated as a separate department, such as Shanghai Isetan which is located commercial center, only sell luxury goods. Business format franchising is mutually beneficial to both franchiser and franchisee. The franchisees familiarity with Chinese current surrounding, and they will bring the huge purchasing power of the franchisor (Kotler P, 2000). Chinese Triumph attempt to develop a brick-and-click model we called E-business. Customer available to make order through on-line, but need choice a specific retailer before you buy, then you order will send to this retailer. In first year, Triumph plans to open 6 shops in China, one department store and one franchis ed in Shanghai, and the same strategy in Beijing and Hongkong. Retail will markup for product of in each type of retail. For instance, suppose a Triumph motorcycle has the following costs and sales expectation: variable cost per unit is $1,000; fixed cost is $1, 000, 000; expected unit sales about 200. The manufacture’s unit cost is given by $6,000; the manufacturer’s markup price {markup price= unit cost / (1-desired return on sales 25%)} is given by $8,000.   Triumph would charge Chinese retail $8,000 per motorcycle and make a profit of $2,000 per unit (Kotler P, 2000). h. Wholesale middlemen There are major wholesaler types: merchant wholesalers, full-service wholesalers, limited-service wholesalers, brokers and agents, manufacturers’ and retailers’ branches and offices, and miscellaneous wholesalers (Kotler P, 2000). According to Triumph’s situation, better to choice full-service wholesaler who only carry one merchandise line; also carry stock, maintain a sales force, offer credit, make deliveries, and provide management assistance to Triumph’s retail (Kotler P, 2000). Wholesalers usually mark-up the cost of the goods by conventional percentage, say 20 percent, to cover their expenses. Expenses may take 17 percent of the gross margin, leaving a profit margin of 3 percent (Kotler P, 2000). i. Import and export agent â€Å"Main function is to facilitate buying and selling, for which they earn a commission of 2 to 6 percent of the selling price (Kotler P, 2000).† Triumph hire a Chinese import agent who negotiates exchange transaction between British Triumph to Chinese wholesalers, but does not take power to the goods being purchased or sold. In China, current most import agent will charge 10 to 20 percent guarantee deposit, then import agent open a letter of credit to export part, that kind of work was import and export agent do. j. Warehousing Triumph in order to reduce warehousing costs, build a distribution and automated warehouses. This warehouses not only with advanced materials-handling system under the control of central computer, but also will as soon as possible to move out receiving goods (Kotler P, 2000). These warehouses will reduce worker injuries, labor costs, pilferage, and breakage and improved inventory control; benefit for consumer too, such as deliver on time. The warehouse will locate suburb of Shanghai, Because Shanghai between Beijing and Hongkong, also near the port. Price determination Triumph motorcycles shipped from Britain to China In this example, Triumph motorcycles shipped from Britain to China. A shipment of product that costs ex-works $12,000 in Britain, and total retail price approximately $25,000 in China. First, there is the total shipping charge of $5,485, which is 46% of the ex-works price. A currency adjustment factor is to protect the seller from disadvantageous shifts in the Dollar to RMB exchange rate.   Finally, a dealer markup of 25 percent adds up to $4,952 of the British price. Total retail price in China of $24,763, is a 206 percent of the British price (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). Term of sale Ex-work means that the price quoted by the British Triumph applies at a certain point, and the buyer bears all risks and expenses from that point on. This term affords Chinese buyer maximum control over the cost of transporting the goods (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). With free on board (FOB) named port, the British Triumph will take the responsibility until the goods have cleared the ship’s rail, then the Chinese buyer take all responsibility of the goods the moment they pass over the ship’s rail. The price quote includes all charge up to the point when goods have been loaded (Hollensen S, 2004). Free alongside ship (FAS) named port is for a transaction in which seller places the shipment alongside, the goods will be transported out of the Britain by ocean vessel. The seller pays all charges up to the point; the buyer has to pay for loading the goods on the shipment. When goods are shipped cost, insurance, freight (CIF) named port, the risk of loss or damage to goods is t ransferred to the buyer once the goods have passed the ship’s rail. However, the British Triumph has to pay the expense of transportation, must also provide the necessary insurance (Keegan W. Green M. 2008). Methods of payment The most common payment methods are including: cash in advance, letter of credit, documents against payment and acceptance, open account, and consignment. The favorable term to the exporter is cash advance because it with low risk and financial risk, also allows for immediate use of the money. However, this method of payment unfair for importer, if they pay the money and the goods may not received. So such methods are not available for Triumph. Worldwide letters of credit are very popularly and very important. â€Å"Banking documents letter of credit is a financial document issued by a bank at the request of the Chinese Triumph, guaranteeing payment to the UK Triumph if certain term and a transaction are met† (Hollensen S, 2004). Open account is quite simplicity to Chinese buyer, they does not have to pay credit charge to banks. The Chinese buyer can pick up the goods without payment first. A disadvantage of the method is that there are no safeguards for payment. Consequently, for the first cooperation using letter of credit benefit for both side. However, if later British Triumph feel Chinese buyers are very trustworthy and excellent credit rating, there is another option for payment which is consignment (Hollensen S, 2004). Conclusion The Chinese market is potential market for the company to entry. Triumph will find huge power of purchasing in China. Moreover, it has increasing demand of Chinese consumers for luxury products. Chinese attempt to improvement of life quality and the change of consumption view. On the other side, the brand is new and young for Chinese market, it means low brand awareness; also strong competition its threats. Fortunately, Triumph motorcycle before enter Chinese market, they prepared a detailed marketing plan. Triumph already entry Chinese market. 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